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| < Holy Rosary
Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records Index < Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Historical Note/Scope and Content |
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| < Holy Rosary
Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records Index < Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Historical Note/Scope and Content |
HOLY ROSARY MISSION/RED CLOUD INDIAN SCHOOL
Presented by Red Cloud Indian School with additions from Red Cloud, individual Jesuits, and others, 1977-[ongoing]. The collection contains some records and papers pertaining to St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota, which were retained here at the mutual requests of Red Cloud School and St. Francis Mission.
Processed by Philip C. Bantin, 1977, and Mark G. Thiel, 1987-[ongoing], with selected series microfilmed, 1997 and 2001.
Notable Events and Leaders
Holy Rosary Mission and Red Cloud Indian School were established by Jesuits in 1888. This followed Red Cloud's persistent requests for Catholic missionaries and the rescinding of federal restrictions on Christian evangelization. The school has been continually staffed by Jesuits, Sisters of St. Francis, and lay volunteers. After the termination of federal funding, the school continued to prosper through private contributions from St. Katherine Drexel, federal disbursement of tribal funds held in trust, and operation of a mission ranch.
Catholicism flourished on the reservation during the first half of the twentieth century. In most communities, local parishes were organized, each with a catechist, lay sodalities, and an itinerant Jesuit pastor. Annually, the faithful gathered for reservation wide general sodality meetings followed by the statewide Catholic Sioux Congress.
In contrast, local Catholicism was revitalized in the latter part of this century. Parishes were consolidated and organized with a resident Jesuit pastor and/or Native permanent deacon, a parish council, and Kateri Circle. The general sodality meetings and Congresses remained popular among the elders, however, many faithful also gathered for both Mini (diocesan) and National Tekakwitha Conferences.
Source: Entry Number M-222 of Guide to Catholic-Related Records in the Midwest about Native Americans.
|
Dates
|
Event
|
|
1840-1870
|
Reverend Pierre-Jean de Smet (1801-1873), S.J., an itinerant missionary, befriended the Oglala. |
|
1870-1881
|
Under the Peace Policy of President President Grant, the government banned Catholic missionaries from the Pine Ridge Agency. |
|
1876-1880s
|
On many different occasions Chief Red Cloud (1822-1909) stated his request for Catholic missionaries. The first time was in 1876 at a council with government officials on White |
| Clay Creek and at a White House meeting with President Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1877, Red Cloud said., "We would like to have a school house--a large one, that will hold | |
| plenty of people. We would like to have Catholic priests and Catholic nuns, so that they could teach our people how to write and read, and instruct us how to do..." | |
|
1879, 1889
|
The Vicariate Apostolate of Dakota Territory was established, which became the Diocese of Sioux Falls in 1889. |
|
1879-1894
|
Bishop Marty served as Vicar of Dakota Territory and then first Bishop of Sioux Falls. |
|
1879-1883
|
Benedictine Monks from Standing Rock Reservation visited intermittently. |
|
1883-1888
|
Priests residing on the Rosebud Reservation visited intermittently. |
|
1884
|
Red Cloud was baptized on March 9th. |
|
1885-1888
|
Bishop Marty asked Jesuits of the German Province (Buffalo, New York and Holland; now Munich, Germany) to establish a mission. A site was picked, construction began on the |
| first buildings, and the Jesuit community was established. | |
|
1887
|
Saint Katharine Drexel (1858-1955), a wealthy Philadelphia heiress, promised Red Cloud she will fund the mission school. |
|
1888-present
|
The Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity (first Mary Immaculate Province, Nonnenwerth, Germany, then Holy Name Province (Stella Niagara, New York) and |
| later the Sacred Heart Province (Denver, Colorado) established a community and taught at the Holy Rosary Mission school. | |
|
1888-1889
|
The school enrollment was about 100 students, grades 1-8. |
|
1889-1890
|
The federal government began partial funding of the school. |
|
December 1890-
|
Red Cloud protected the mission from possible to retaliation following the killing of Sitting Bull at Standing Rock Reservation and the massacre of many Sans Arc and other Indians |
|
January 1891
|
at Wounded Knee Creek. |
|
1890
|
Sacred Heart Church was established in Pine Ridge Village. |
|
1891
|
Pine Ridge Reservation delegates attended their first annual Catholic Sioux Congress at Standing Rock Reservation. The catechetical ministry and the St. Mary and St. Joseph |
| Societies were then organized within the reservation parishes. | |
|
1896
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted its first Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1896-1904
|
Government school funding decreased gradually and then stopped. More money became available through Katharine Drexel and other Church sources. |
|
1898
|
The construction is finished on Holy Rosary Church, which has served as the school chapel and a local parish. |
|
1901-1937
|
Throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation itinerant Jesuits from Holy Rosary Mission established and attended to many chapels and missions, a number of which later became parishes. |
|
1902
|
The Diocese of Lead was established and included all of South Dakota west of the Missouri River. |
|
1902-1909
|
Bishop John Stariha (1845-1915) served as the first Bishop of Lead. |
|
1902-1987
|
Holy Rosary Mission operated a ranch in Nebraska. |
|
1903
|
A kindergarten was established at the Holy Rosary Mission school. |
|
1904-1905
|
The school enrollment exceeded 200 students for the first time. |
|
1904-1906
|
A new wing was added to the girl's dormitory of the school. |
|
1904-1950
|
Holy man [Nicholas] Black Elk (1863-1950) was baptized on St. Nicholas' Day, December 6th, 1904. He then served as a local catechist and with Reverend Henry Westropp, |
| S.J., he was also active as a missionary to other Northern Plains tribes from 1908-1917. | |
|
1906
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1906
|
The first recorded baptism by a catechist was performed by Ivan Star Comes Out. |
|
1906-1935
|
The government made tribal treaty funds available for school support. These were federally administered funds available on a per capita basis through a petition process. |
|
1907
|
Among the Jesuits, administration over Holy Rosary Mission transferred from the German Province's Buffalo Mission to the former Turin Province's Rocky Mountain Mission (now |
| consolidated with the Italian Province, Rome, Italy). | |
|
1909
|
Among the Jesuits, administration over Holy Rosary Mission transferred to the California Province (Los Gatos, California). |
|
1910-1915
|
Bishop Joseph Busch (1866-1953) served as the second Bishop of Lead. |
|
1911
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1912
|
Among the Jesuits, administration over Holy Rosary Mission transferred to the Missouri Province (headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri). |
|
1916
|
Fire at St. Francis Mission (Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota) destroys many Holy Rosary archival records that were stored there. |
|
1916-1948
|
Bishop John J. Lawler (1862-1948) served as the third Bishop of Lead. |
|
1916-1922
|
Itinerant Jesuits from Holy Rosary established and attended to Sacred Heart Mission, Santee, Nebraska, which then became an independent mission. |
|
1918
|
Severe flooding damaged Holy Rosary Mission. |
|
1920-1925
|
Several parishes closed throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation. |
|
1920
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1922
|
Red Cloud Hall was built to serve as the boy's dormitory of the school. |
|
1923
|
The Sodality of the Immaculate Conception was organized. It was the first sodality organized at the school. |
|
1923-1926
|
A junior high school was established and then discontinued due to space limitations. |
|
1925
|
Bob Clifford (Oglala) organized Holy Rosary's first boys' basketball team. |
|
1925-1926
|
The Holy Rosary Mission School enrollment exceeded 300 students for the first time. |
|
1925-1926
|
18 Jesuits (6 priests and 12 brothers), 18 Sisters of St. Francis, three lay teachers, 10 catechists, and three other lay employees served the mission, school, and chapels throughout |
|
|
reservation. |
|
1926
|
Our Lady of Lourdes Mission was established in Porcupine. |
|
1930
|
The Diocese of Lead became the Diocese of Rapid City, reflecting the change in see cities from Lead to Rapid City. |
|
1931
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1931-1937
|
Our Lady of Lourdes School was opened at Porcupine and became the second Catholic school on the Pine Ridge Reservation. |
|
1931-1937
|
Our Lady of Lourdes School was staffed by Sisters of the Holy Humility of Mary (Villa Marie, Pennsylvania). |
|
1935-1936
|
A new gymnasium was constructed at Holy Rosary. |
|
1936
|
The junior high school was re-established. |
|
1937-1942
|
Grades nine through twelve were added at the Holy Rosary Mission School. |
|
1937-present
|
Our Lady of Lourdes School was staffed by Notre Dame Sisters (headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska) and lay teachers. |
|
1938
|
The enrollment at the Holy Rosary Mission School exceeded 400 students for the first time. |
|
1938
|
Holy Rosary Mission celebrated its golden anniversary and a Catholic Sioux Congress was held. |
|
1941
|
The High School was established and the position of principal was created. |
|
1941-1942
|
The Holy Rosary Mission School won the South Dakota Catholic High School Basketball Championships. |
|
1947-1948
|
Holy Rosary again won the South Dakota Catholic High School Basketball Championships. |
|
1942
|
The Holy Rosary Mission High School received accreditation and the first high school class graduates. |
|
1942
|
Fire caused extensive damage at Holy Rosary Mission. |
|
1943-1959
|
Several parishes closed throughout the reservation. |
|
1946
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1947-1969
|
Bishop William T. McCarty (1889-1972), C.S.S.R., served as the fourth Bishop of Rapid City (formerly, Diocese of Lead). |
|
1949
|
The Mother Butler Center and St. Isaac Jogues Church were established in Rapid City and administered by Holy Rosary Mission. |
|
1952
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1955
|
Among the Jesuits, administration of Holy Rosary Mission transferred to the Wisconsin Province (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). |
|
1955-1956
|
The enrollment of the Holy Rosary Mission School exceeded 500 students for the first time. |
|
1955, 1957
|
The Holy Rosary Mission High School won the Catholic Indian Basketball Championships. |
|
1961
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted the 22nd annual meeting of the Tekakwitha Conference. |
|
1963
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
|
1964
|
The Holy Rosary Mission School closed the dormitories and transformed from a boarding school to a day school. |
|
April, 1968
|
Robert F. Kennedy visited Holy Rosary Mission School. |
|
1968
|
The Holy See approved the restoration of the permanent diaconate as a ministry for the Church in the United States. |
|
1968
|
The first Adult Basic Education classes were held at Holy Rosary Mission. |
|
1969-1987
|
Bishop Harold J. Dimmerling (1914-1987) served as the fifth Bishop of Rapid City. |
|
1969
|
The Red Cloud Indian Art show was established at the mission by Reverend Theodore Zuern, S.J. |
|
1970
|
The enrollment at Our Lady of Lourdes School exceeded 100 students for the first time. |
|
1971
|
Holy Rosary Mission hosted the 32nd annual meeting of the Tekakwitha Conference. |
|
1972
|
A flood in Rapid City killed Reverend Francis Collins, S.J. and severely damaged the Mother Butler Center and St. Isaac Jogues Church. |
|
1973
|
The American Indian Movement occupied and destroyed Sacred Heart Church, Wounded Knee, which was rebuilt in the 1980s. |
|
1973
|
The Office of Superior of the Jesuit Community was separated from the Office of Director of the Mission. |
|
1974
|
The Diocese of Rapid City established a permanent deaconate program. |
|
1975
|
The Diocese of Rapid City ordained Steven Red Elk and Reno Richards as deacons. They are the first Native Americans in the United States to be so ordained. |
|
1975
|
The Mission is incorporated as Red Cloud Indian School and the Office of Director is renamed Office of the President. |
|
1977-1978
|
The Diocese of Rapid City established the Sioux Spiritual Center, Maphiya Na Maka Okogina ["Between Heaven and Earth"] at Plainview as an administrative and retreat center |
| for the permanent diaconate and Native outreach programs. | |
|
1977
|
Lay teachers began teaching at Red Cloud Indian School. |
|
1978, 1981, 1982,
|
The boy's high school basketball team won the Lakota Nation Invitational Basketball Championships for the 1977-1978, 1980-1981, |
|
1989
|
1981-1982, and 1988-1989 school years. |
|
1970s
|
The parishes in Kyle, Oglala, Porcupine, and Wanblee are now served by resident pastors from Holy Rosary Mission. |
|
1982
|
The Heritage Center was founded to collect, preserve, and exhibit Native American art under director Br. C.M. Simon, S.J. |
|
1983
|
The first Mini-Tekakwitha Conference was held at St. Stephens Church, north of Kyle. |
|
1984
|
A Mini-Tekakwitha Conference was held at Christ the King Church, Porcupine. |
|
1985
|
Reverend Collins P. Jordan (1917-2004) was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Rapid City. He was the first Oglala Indian in the Diocese to be so ordained. |
|
1985?
|
The Sisters of St. Francis at Red Cloud Indian School, St. Francis Mission, and nearby towns in Nebraska merged their communities and formed the Serena Regional Community. |
|
1988-1997
|
Bishop Charles J. Chaput (1944-, Potawatomi), O.F.M. Cap. served as 6th Bishop of Rapid City and then Archbishop of Denver. He was the second Native American appointed |
| as a bishop in the United States. | |
|
1997-
|
Bishop Blase J. Cupich (1949-) served as 7th Bishop of Rapid City. |
|
1988
|
Red Cloud Indian School and Holy Rosary Mission celebrated their centennial year. |
|
1988
|
A Mini-Tekakwitha Conference was held at Mother Butler Center, Rapid City. |
|
1990
|
The Diocese established an Inculturation Project Office to revitalize the faith among its 14,000 Brule, Hunkpapa, Oglala, and Sans Arc Indian Catholics. |
|
1992
|
The Diocesan Inculturation Project Office surveyed 10% of the American Indian Catholics and found 43% under age 18 and less than 20% practicing the Catholic faith. |
|
1992
|
On behalf of himself and all pre-World War II American Indian catechists in the Diocese, Harry Blue Thunder (Brule) of the Rosebud Reservation received the Lumen Christi |
|
|
Award of the Catholic Church Extension Society. |
|
1994
|
A devastating fire destroyed the Holy Rosary Mission Church and damaged other areas. |
|
1996
|
The boy's high school basketball team won the Class A Boys' High School State Basketball Tournament. |
|
1998
|
A new Church of the Holy Rosary was built and the Heritage Center was renovated extensively. |
|
1999, 2001
|
A tornado destroyed Our Lady of the Sioux Church and all buildings of the parish in Oglala, which were replaced by a new church, parish hall, youth center, and sisters' residence. |
From 1888-1941, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as the Director of Holy Rosary Mission.
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.
Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J. Reverend P. Florentine Digmann (1846-1931), S.J. Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J. Reverend Aloysius Bosch (1852-1903), S.J. Reverend Mathias Schmitt (1862-1936), S.J. Reverend Eugene Buechel (1874-1954), S.J. Reverend Henry Grotegeers (1871-1957), S.J. Reverend Louis J. Goll (1877-1946), S.J. Reverend Albert C. Riester (1874-1951), S.J. Reverend Aloysius J. Keel (1876-1936), S.J. Reverend Daniel B. McNamara (1895-1986), S.J. Reverend Martin A. Schiltz (1891-1979), S.J. Reverend Francis J. Collins (1903-1972), S.J. Reverend Leo A. Doyle (1895-1981), S.J. Reverend Harlod A. Fuller (1911-1955), S.J. Reverend Lawrence E. Edwards (1907-1992), S.J. Reverend Robert W. Lambeck (1917-), S.J. Reverend Earl J. Kurth (1916-), S.J. Reverend Ted F. Zuern (1921-2007), S.J. Reverend Joseph D. Sheehan (1918-1997), S.J. Reverend Eugene E. Zimmerman (1918-2007), S.J. Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J. Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J. Reverend David L. Smith (1953-), S.J. Reverend William F. Pauly (1947-), S.J. Reverend Patrick Burns (1933-), S.J.
Superiors of Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity
From 1888-1970, the Superior of the Sisters St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity served simultaneously as the Principal of the Red Cloud/Holy Rosary Mission Grade School.
Reverend Mother Kostka Schlaghecken (1850-1932), O.S.F Reverend Mother Magdalena [Magdalene?], O.S.F Reverend Mother Lucia, O.S.F Reverend Mother Petra, O.S.F Reverend Mother Ludgera Terhegger (1874-1959), O.S.F Reverend Mother M. Rosalinde Neuenhofer (1879-1927), O.S.F Reverend Mother Ludgera Terhegger (1874-1959), O.S.F Reverend Mother Leocadia Stecher, O.S.F Reverend Mother Bertrand Fleming (1893-1984), O.S.F Reverend Mother M. Evarista Carver (1882-1960), O.S.F Reverend Mother Bertrand Fleming (1893-1984), O.S.F Reverend Mother M. Agnesin[e] Hargarten (1913-1985), O.S.F Reverend Mother Grace Wohlgemuth (1924-?), O.S.F Reverend Mother M. Adeltrude Fries (1897-1978), O.S.F Reverend Mother M. Bernard Meyer (1923-), O.S.F Reverend Mother Helen Borszich (1935-), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Marie Therese Archambault (Hunkpapa, 1939-2007), O.S.F
Sisters of the Humility of Mary
From 1931-1937, the Superior of the Humility of Mary Sisters served simultaneously as the Principal of the Our Lady of Lourdes Grade School. The Humility of Mary Sisters were followed by the Notre Dame Sisters, 1937-.
Sister John Berchmans Bradley (1872-1955), H.M. Sister Mildred Walsh-Maloney (1885-1950), H.M.
Presidents/Directors (Jesuits and Sister)
From 1888-1968, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as the Director of Red Cloud/Holy Rosary School. In 1975, The title of Director was changed to President.
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.
See list of Jesuit Superiors. Reverend Ted F. Zuern (1921-2007), S.J. Reverend Anthony L. Dagelen (1926-), S.J. Reverend Earl J. Kurth (1916-), S.J. Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J. Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J. Reverend William McKenney G. (-1998), S.J. Sister Patricia Cruise, S.C. (Acting) Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.
Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J. Reverend Gary T. Brophy (1937-1990), S.J. Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J. Reverend James J. Strzok (1939-) , S.J. Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J. Reverend David G. Matzko (1949-), S.J. Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J. Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J. Reverend Thomas J. Merkel (1962-), S.J.
High School Principals (Jesuits, Franciscan Sister, and Laity)
From 1941-1972, the mission director/superintendent served simultaneously as high school principal.
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Jesuit Provinces and Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.
Reverend William J. Fitzgerald (1904-1965), S.J. Reverend Anthony J. Adams (1908-1994), S.J. Reverend Lawrence E. Edwards (1907-1992), S.J. Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J. Reverend Paul B. Steinmetz (1922-), S.J. (Acting) Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J. Reverend Lawrence A. Jonas (1921-), S.J. Reverend Joseph J. Labaj (1921-1985), S.J. Reverend Hubert Boschert (1937-), S.J. Sister Sheila Carroll (1928-), O.S.F Reverend W. Kiley Stolz (1932-), S.J. Mr. John Lemak (1940-) Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J. Mr. Charles Cuny (1946-, Oglala) Ms. Norma Tibbits (1947-, Oglala) Mr. Robert Brave Heart (Oglala) Reverend Thomas A. Simonds (1964-), S.J. Reverend Paul Coelho, S.J., Ph.D.
Presidents of the Oglala Sioux Tribe who had attended Red Cloud Indian High School
Following the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934, 35 Oglala Lakota Presidents have served 2-year terms of office from 1935-2002.
Sources: Holy Rosary Mission-Red Cloud Indian School Records, Series 2-2 at Marquette University and the Oglala Sioux Tribe Archives at Oglala Lakota College. Oglala Lakota College maintains a presidential portrait gallery in the Woksape Tipi (Library) at its Piya Wiconi Administrative Complex, Kyle, South Dakota.
|
Presidential Service
|
Name (Birth-Death)
|
Home Community |
Graduated
|
|
|
13th President (1957-1960)
|
James L. Iron Cloud (1950-) |
Kyle |
1970
|
|
|
15th President (1962-1964)
|
William Whirlwind Horse (1941-) |
Allen |
-
|
|
|
22nd President (1976-1978)
|
Albert W. Trimble (1925?-) |
Wanblee |
-
|
|
|
26th President (1984-1986)
|
Newton Cummings (1937-) |
Martin |
1957
|
Our Lady of Lordes Mission and School:
Associate Pastor/ Administrators (Jesuits)
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.
Reverend Leo C. Cunningham (1888-1965), S.J. Reverend Louis E. Meyer (1900-1985), S.J. Reverend William J. Fitzgerald (1904-1965), S.J. Reverend Leonard J. Fencl (1905-1986), S.J. Reverend John A. Hennessy (1934-), S.J. Reverend Anthony L. Dagelen (1926-), S.J. Reverend Ronald S. Seminara (1944-), S.J. Reverend James H. Ryan (1937-), S.J. Reverend William F. Pauly (1947), S.J.
Chronology
From 1901-1937, itinerant Jesuits from Holy Rosary Mission established and attended to many chapels and missions throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation. Multiple congregation and/or community names indicate name changes with current ones appearing first followed by past ones. Congregations with resident pastors are so noted.
Source: Entry Number M-222 of Guide to Catholic-Related Records in the Midwest about Native Americans, 2003.
|
Congregation, Community
|
Dates (Disposition)
|
|
| Sacred Heart Mission, Pine Ridge [Village]/ Pine Ridge Agency | 1890-present (1928, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| Holy Rosary Church, Holy Rosary Mission | 1898-present | |
| St. Joseph's Mission, Hisle/ Bear Creek | 1901-1959 (1919, transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin; closed) | |
| Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Martin | 1901- (1929, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| St. Peter's Mission, St. Peter/ Wounded Knee Creek | 1901-ca. 1973 (closed) | |
| St. Paul's Mission, Porcupine Creek | 1905- (1931, transferred to Our Lady of Lordes, Porcupine) | |
| Our Lady of Good Counsel/ St. Anthony's/ Holy Guardian Angels Mission, Slim Butte | 1905-present | |
| St. Stephen's Mission, Lower Medicine Root | 1906- (1970s, transferred to Our Lady of Sorrors, Kyle) | |
| Our Lady of Good Counsel Mission, No Water | 1908-? | |
| Our Lady of the Lake Mission, Lacreek | 1909- (1919, transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin) | |
| St. John of the Cross Mission/ St. Lucy's, Allen/ Plenty Bears | 1910- (1970s, transferred to St. Ignatius, Wanblee) | |
| (1980s, transferred to Our Lady of Sorrows, Kyle) | ||
| St. Henry's Mission, Potato Creek | 1910-1959, 1970s-present | |
| St. Paul's Mission, Sharp's Corner | 1912- (n.d., transferred to St. Agnes, Manderson) | |
| St. Ignatius Mission, Lips Camp | 1912-1916 (closed) | |
| Forty Martyrs Mission, Plenty Bears | 1912-ca. 1920 (closed) | |
| Sacred Heart Mission, Wounded Knee/Brennan | 1913-present (1931, transferred to Our Lady of Lordes, Porcupine) | |
| St. Agnes Mission, Manderson | 1913-present (ca. 1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Mission, Martin | 1917-present (1919, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| Sacred Heart Mission, Vetal | 1917- present (1919, transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin) | |
| St. Margaret's Mission, Grass Creek | 1917-1925 (closed) | |
| St. Magdalene's Mission, Lower Porcupine | 1917-1925 (closed) | |
| St. Bernard's Mission, Red Shirt/ Red Shirt Table/ Cheyenne River | 1917-1949 (closed), 1970-present | |
| St. Anne's/St. Anthony's Mission, Wolf Creek | 1917-1959 (closed) | |
| Our Lady of Sorrows/ Ss. Mary and Anna Mission, Kyle | 1917- (1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| Our Lady of the Sioux/ St. Elizabeth's Mission, Oglala | 1917-present (1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| (1999, destroyed by tornado; 2001, rebuilt) | ||
| St. Joseph's Mission, Lake View | 1920-1925 (closed) | |
| St. Elizabeth's Mission, Rock Creek | 1920-1925 (closed) | |
| Our Lady of Sorrows Mission, Spring Creek | 1920-1925 (closed) | |
| Immaculate Conception Mission, Wanamaker | 1920-1925 (closed) | |
| Christ the King Church and Our Lady of Lourdes Mission, Porcupine | 1926-present (1931, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| St. Mary Magdalene Mission, Rockyford | 1926-1961 (1931, transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine; closed) | |
| St. Madeline Sophie Mission, Three Mile Creek | 1926-1959 (closed) | |
| St. Ignatius Loyola Mission, Wanblee | 1926- (1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | |
| St. Joseph's Mission, Cuny Table | 1926-present (ca. 1975, transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine) | |
| St. Cecelia's Mission, Red Water | 1926-1943 (closed) | |
| St. Charles Borromeo Mission, Batesland | 1926-1969 (transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin) | |
| St. Barbara's Mission, White River/Medicine Root Creek | 1931-1943 (closed) | |
| St. Anthony's/St. Lucy's Mission, Corn Creek | 1931-1950 (closed) | |
| St. Ann's Mission, Colored Hills | 1933-ca. 1956 (closed) | |
| St. Aloysius Mission, Holy Rosary Mission Ranch, Nebraska | 1936-1953 (closed) | |
| Our Lady of Perpetual Help Mission, Pine Creek | 1936-1959 (closed) | |
| Holy Rosary Mission, Interior | ca. 1955-present (1970s, transferred to St. Ignatius, Wanblee) |
Native Catechists and Prayer Leaders (Oglala laity)
Notable Sources: Stipend lists in Series 3-2 Financial Records, 1928-1931, The Catholic Church Among the Oglala People, Historical Notes (1876-1985), 1985, and We Walk By Faith, The Growth of the Catholic Faith in Western South Dakota by Sr. Eleanor Solon, O.S.B., 2002. Data from the Stipend Lists was compiled in 1992 for the Lumen Christi Award Application of the Diocese of Rapid City.
[Afraid of] Hawk, Emil Unknown, 1930-1931, n.d. Apple Charlie
Unknown, 1931, n.d. George
Kyle, 1928-1931, n.d. Bald Eagle Bear, Peter Wanblee, 1928-1931, n.d. Black Elk [Nicholas W., Sr.] (1862-1950) Oglala, 1907; Manderson, 1907-1914, 1916-1936, Ravinia, Yankton Reservation, 1913-1916 Boyer, John Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d. Broken Leg, Moses Kyle, n.d. Catches, Paul Manderson, n.d. Fast Horse, Phillip Allen, n.d. Fast Wolf Antoine
Pine Ridge, n.d. Ed
Unknown, 1928-1929, n.d. Philip
Wounded Knee, n.d. Tomas
Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d. Fills the Pipe, Silas Red Shirt Table, 1928-1931, n.d. Fool Head, John Slim Buttes, 1928-1931, n.d. Grass Jr., Jim Porcupine, 1929-1930, n.d. Hernandez, Reyes [Raymond?] Cheyenne Creek, 1928-1931, n.d. Horn Cloud, Joe Potato Creek and Slim Buttes, n.d. Iron White Man Unknown, 1928- 1928, n.d. Jealous of Him, Oscar [prayer leader] Lower Medicine Root, 1990s Long, Dave Oglala, n.d. Marrowbone, Ben Calico, 1928-1931, n.d. Mesteth Manderson, n.d. Mousseaux, Louis P. Kyle, n.d. Patton, William Unknown, 1931-1931, n.d. Poor Bear, W. Unknown, 1929-1929, n.d. Randall, Charles "Charlie" Oglala, 1931-1931, n.d. Randall,William "Bill" Bear Creek, 1928-1931, n.d. Red Hair, William Unknown, 1929-1931, n.d. Red Horn, Albert Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d. Red Willow, Joseph Wanblee, n.d. Richard, Joseph Unknown, 1930-1931, n.d. Slow Bear, John Oglala, n.d. Star [Comes Out], Ivan No Water, 1928-1931, n.d. Two Two, Alex 1928-1928, n.d. White Crow, Paul Edward Oglala, n.d.; Wanblee, 1928-1930, n.d. Yellow Bull, Tom Manderson, 1931-1931, n.d.
Source: Diocese of Rapid City.
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Dates Served
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Name (Birth-Death)
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Community, Dates Served
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1975-1986
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Reverend Mr. Stephen Red Elk (Oglala)
(1917-1986)
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Manderson, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1975-1986. | ||
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1975-ongoing
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Reverend Mr. Reno Richards (Oglala)
(1938- )
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Allen, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1975- . | ||
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1978-1996
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Reverend Mr. Victor Bull Bear (Oglala)
(1939-1996)
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Kyle and Lower Medicine Root, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1978-1996. | ||
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1982-1995
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Reverend Mr. Francis Hairy Chin (Hunkpapa)
(1916-1997)
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Kenel, Standing Rock Reservation, 1982-1991; Rapid City, 1991-1995. | ||
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1984-2002
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Reverend Mr. Lawrence Whiting (Oglala)
(1913-2002)
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Kyle, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1984-2002. | ||
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1985-ongoing
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Reverend Mr. Harold Congdon (Sans Arc)
(1949-)
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Cherry Creek, Cheyenne River Reservation, 1985-1988; Oglala, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1985-1994; | ||
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Dupree, Cheyenne River Reservation, 1994-1998; Parmelee, Rosebud Reservation, 1998-? | ||
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1986-ongoing
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Reverend Mr. James "Heavy" Garnett (Oglala)
(1936-dec.)
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Rapid City, 1986-? | ||
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1994-ongoing
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Reverend Mr. Leroy DeCory (Brulé)
(1938- )
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St. Francis, Rosebud Reservation, 1994-1995; Rapid City, 1995-ongoing | ||
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1995-ongoing
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Reverend Mr. Calvin Clifford (Oglala)
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Martin, 1995-? |
Native Sisters
O.S.F. = Franciscan Sisters of Penance and Christian Charity
S.S.S.F. = School Sisters of St. Francis
Source: The Catholic Church Among the Oglala People, Historical Notes (1876-1985), 1985.
Archambault, Sister Marie Therese (Ida) (Hunkpapa) (1939-2007), O.S.F. Clifford, Sister Bernardette (Anita) (Oglala), O.S.F. Clifford, Sister Geraldine (Esther) (Oglala), O.S.F. Cuny, Sister Genevieve (Carmilita) (Oglala), O.S.F. McGaa, Sister Helena (Oglala), S.S.S.F. Mousseau, Sister Lucy (Oglala), S.S.S.F.
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