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HOLY ROSARY MISSION/RED CLOUD INDIAN SCHOOL

Presented by Red Cloud Indian School with additions from Red Cloud, individual Jesuits, and others, 1977-[ongoing]. The collection contains some records and papers pertaining to St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota, which were retained here at the mutual requests of Red Cloud School and St. Francis Mission.

Processed by Philip C. Bantin, 1977, and Mark G. Thiel, 1987-[ongoing], with selected series microfilmed, 1997 and 2001.

Notable Events and Leaders

Holy Rosary Mission and Red Cloud Indian School were established by Jesuits in 1888. This followed Red Cloud's persistent requests for Catholic missionaries and the rescinding of federal restrictions on Christian evangelization. The school has been continually staffed by Jesuits, Sisters of St. Francis, and lay volunteers. After the termination of federal funding, the school continued to prosper through private contributions from St. Katherine Drexel, federal disbursement of tribal funds held in trust, and operation of a mission ranch.

Catholicism flourished on the reservation during the first half of the twentieth century. In most communities, local parishes were organized, each with a catechist, lay sodalities, and an itinerant Jesuit pastor. Annually, the faithful gathered for reservation wide general sodality meetings followed by the statewide Catholic Sioux Congress.

In contrast, local Catholicism was revitalized in the latter part of this century. Parishes were consolidated and organized with a resident Jesuit pastor and/or Native permanent deacon, a parish council, and Kateri Circle. The general sodality meetings and Congresses remained popular among the elders, however, many faithful also gathered for both Mini (diocesan) and National Tekakwitha Conferences.

Source: Entry Number M-222 of Guide to Catholic-Related Records in the Midwest about Native Americans.

Dates	Event
1840-1870	Reverend Pierre-Jean de Smet (1801-1873), S.J., an itinerant missionary, befriended the Oglala.
1870-1881	Under the Peace Policy of U.S. President U.S. Grant, the government banned Catholic missionaries from the Pine Ridge Agency.
1876-1880s	On many different occasions Chief Red Cloud (1822-1909) stated his request for Catholic missionaries. Among the first times was a council with government officials on White Clay Creek in 1876 and at a White House meeting with President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877. To President Hayes, Red Cloud said:
	"We would like to have a school house--a large one, that will hold plenty of people. We would like to have Catholic priests and Catholic nuns, so that they could teach our people how to write and read, and instruct us how to do..."
1879, 1889	The Vicariate Apostolate of Dakota Territory was established, which became the Diocese of Sioux Falls in 1889.
1879-1894	Bishop Martin Marty, O.S.B., served as Vicar of Dakota Territory and then first Bishop of Sioux Falls.
1879-1883	Benedictine Monks from Standing Rock Reservation visited intermittently.
1883-1888	Diocesan priests from the Rosebud Reservation visited intermittently.
1884	Reverend J.A. Bushman baptized Chief Red Cloud on March 9th who took the forename, "Peter."
1885-1888	Bishop Marty asked the Jesuits of the German Province (Buffalo, New York and Holland; now Munich, Germany) to establish a mission. Reverend John B. Jutz, S.J. and Brother Ursus Nunlist, S.J. established the Jesuit community by picking a site and constructing the first buildings for a school and living quarters.
1887	Saint Katharine Drexel (1858-1955), a wealthy Philadelphia heiress, promised Red Cloud that she would fund the mission school.
1888-present	The Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity (first Mary Immaculate Province, Nonnenwerth, Germany, then Holy Name Province (Stella Niagara, New York) and later the Sacred Heart Province (Denver, Colorado) established a community and taught at the Holy Rosary Mission school.
1888-1889	The school enrollment was about 100 students, grades 1-8.
1889-1890	The federal government began partial funding of the school.
December 1890- January 1891	Red Cloud protected the mission from possible to retaliation following the killing of Sitting Bull at Standing Rock Reservation and the massacre of many Sans Arc and other Indians at Wounded Knee Creek.
1890	Sacred Heart Church was established in Pine Ridge Village.
1891	Pine Ridge Reservation delegates attended their first annual Catholic Sioux Congress at Standing Rock Reservation. The catechetical ministry and the St. Mary and St. Joseph Societies were then organized within the reservation parishes.
1895-1950s?	In the Canadian West, Father Albert Lacombe, O.M.I., created the Tableau-Catéchisme (Pictorial Catechism) or “Two Roads” based on Blanchet’s L’Éschelle Catholique Historique, which added color graphics and two paths -- the evil way with a black road and a righteousness way with a red road each replete with corresponding symbols. On South Dakota Indian reservations and elsewhere in the United States and Canada, Catholic missionaries and native catechists used the “Two Roads” together with native language worship publications to the mid-20^th century.
1896	Holy Rosary Mission hosted its first Catholic Sioux Congress.
1896-1904	Government school funding decreased gradually and then stopped. More money became available through Katharine Drexel and other Church sources.
1898	The construction is finished on Holy Rosary Church, which has served as the school chapel and a local parish.
1901-1937	Throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation itinerant Jesuits from Holy Rosary Mission established and attended to many chapels and missions, a number of which later became parishes.
1902	The Diocese of Lead was established and included all of South Dakota west of the Missouri River.
1902-1909	Bishop John Stariha (1845-1915) served as the first Bishop of Lead.
1902-1987	Holy Rosary Mission operated a ranch in Nebraska.
1903	A kindergarten was established at the Holy Rosary Mission school.
1904-1905	The school enrollment exceeded 200 students for the first time.
1904-1906	A new wing was added to the girl's dormitory of the school.
1904-1950	Holy man [Nicholas] Black Elk (1863-1950) was baptized on St. Nicholas' Day, December 6th, 1904. He then served as a local catechist and with Reverend Henry Westropp, S.J., he was also active as a missionary to other Northern Plains tribes from 1908-1917.
1906	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1906	The first recorded baptism by a catechist was performed by Ivan Star Comes Out.
1906-1935	The government made tribal treaty funds available for school support. These were federally administered funds available on a per capita basis through a petition process.
1907	Among the Jesuits, administration over Holy Rosary Mission transferred from the German Province's Buffalo Mission to the former Turin Province's Rocky Mountain Mission (now consolidated with the Italian Province, Rome, Italy).
1909	Among the Jesuits, administration over Holy Rosary Mission transferred to the California Province (Los Gatos, California).
1910-1915	Bishop Joseph Busch (1866-1953) served as the second Bishop of Lead.
1911	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1912	Among the Jesuits, administration over Holy Rosary Mission transferred to the Missouri Province (headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri).
1916	Fire at St. Francis Mission (Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota) destroys many Holy Rosary archival records that were stored there.
1916-1948	Bishop John J. Lawler (1862-1948) served as the third Bishop of Lead.
1916-1922	Itinerant Jesuits from Holy Rosary established and attended to Sacred Heart Mission, Santee, Nebraska, which then became an independent mission.
1918	Severe flooding damaged Holy Rosary Mission.
1920-1925	Several parishes closed throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation.
1920	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1922	Red Cloud Hall was built to serve as the boy's dormitory of the school.
1923	The Sodality of the Immaculate Conception was organized. It was the first sodality organized at the school.
1923-1926	A junior high school was established and then discontinued due to space limitations.
1925	Bob Clifford (Oglala) organized Holy Rosary's first boys' basketball team.
1925-1926	The Holy Rosary Mission School enrollment exceeded 300 students for the first time.
1925-1926	18 Jesuits (6 priests and 12 brothers), 18 Sisters of St. Francis, three lay teachers, 10 catechists, and three other lay employees served the mission, school, and chapels throughout reservation.
1926	Our Lady of Lourdes Mission was established in Porcupine.
1930	The Diocese of Lead became the Diocese of Rapid City, reflecting the change in see cities from Lead to Rapid City.
1931	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1931-1937	Our Lady of Lourdes School was opened at Porcupine and became the second Catholic school on the Pine Ridge Reservation.
1931-1937	Our Lady of Lourdes School was staffed by Sisters of the Holy Humility of Mary (Villa Marie, Pennsylvania).
1935-1936	A new gymnasium was constructed at Holy Rosary.
1936	The junior high school was re-established.
1937-1942	Grades nine through twelve were added at the Holy Rosary Mission School.
1937-present	Our Lady of Lourdes School was staffed by Notre Dame Sisters (headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska) and lay teachers.
1938	The enrollment at the Holy Rosary Mission School exceeded 400 students for the first time.
1938	Holy Rosary Mission celebrated its golden anniversary and a Catholic Sioux Congress was held.
1941	The High School was established and the position of principal was created.
1941-1942	The Holy Rosary Mission School won the South Dakota Catholic High School Basketball Championships.
1947-1948	Holy Rosary again won the South Dakota Catholic High School Basketball Championships.
1942	The Holy Rosary Mission High School received accreditation and the first high school class graduates.
1942	Fire caused extensive damage at Holy Rosary Mission.
1943-1959	Several parishes closed throughout the reservation.
1946	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1947-1969	Bishop William T. McCarty (1889-1972), C.Ss.R., served as the fourth Bishop of Rapid City (formerly, Diocese of Lead).
1949	The Mother Butler Center and St. Isaac Jogues Church were established in Rapid City and administered by Holy Rosary Mission.
1952	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1955	Among the Jesuits, administration of Holy Rosary Mission transferred to the Wisconsin Province (Milwaukee, Wisconsin).
1955-1956	The enrollment of the Holy Rosary Mission School exceeded 500 students for the first time.
1955, 1957	The Holy Rosary Mission High School won the Catholic Indian Basketball Championships.
1961	Holy Rosary Mission hosted the 22nd annual meeting of the Tekakwitha Conference.
1963	Holy Rosary Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress.
1964	The Holy Rosary Mission School closed the dormitories and transformed from a boarding school to a day school.
April, 1968	Robert F. Kennedy visited Holy Rosary Mission School.
1968	The Holy See approved the restoration of the permanent diaconate as a ministry for the Church in the United States.
1968	The first Adult Basic Education classes were held at Holy Rosary Mission.
1969-1987	Bishop Harold J. Dimmerling (1914-1987) served as the fifth Bishop of Rapid City.
1969	The Red Cloud Indian Art show was established at the mission by Reverend Theodore Zuern, S.J.
1970	The enrollment at Our Lady of Lourdes School exceeded 100 students for the first time.
1971	Holy Rosary Mission hosted the 32nd annual meeting of the Tekakwitha Conference.
1972	A flood in Rapid City killed Reverend Francis Collins, S.J. and severely damaged the Mother Butler Center and St. Isaac Jogues Church.
1973	The American Indian Movement occupied and destroyed Sacred Heart Church, Wounded Knee, which was rebuilt in the 1980s.
1973	The Office of Superior of the Jesuit Community was separated from the Office of Director of the Mission.
1974	The Diocese of Rapid City established a permanent deaconate program.
1975	The Diocese of Rapid City ordained Steven Red Elk and Reno Richards as deacons. They are the first Native Americans in the United States to be so ordained.
1975	The Mission is incorporated as Red Cloud Indian School and the Office of Director is renamed Office of the President.
1977-1978	The Diocese of Rapid City established the Sioux Spiritual Center, Maphiya Na Maka Okogina ["Between Heaven and Earth"] at Plainview as an administrative and retreat center for the permanent diaconate and Native outreach programs.
1977	Lay teachers began teaching at Red Cloud Indian School.
1978, 1981, 1982,	The boy's high school basketball team won the Lakota Nation Invitational Basketball Championships for the 1977-1978, 1980-1981,
1989	1981-1982, and 1988-1989 school years.
1970s	The parishes in Kyle, Oglala, Porcupine, and Wanblee are now served by resident pastors from Holy Rosary Mission.
1982	The Heritage Center was founded to collect, preserve, and exhibit Native American art under director Br. C.M. Simon, S.J.
1983	The first Mini-Tekakwitha Conference was held at St. Stephens Church, north of Kyle.
1984	A Mini-Tekakwitha Conference was held at Christ the King Church, Porcupine.
1985	Reverend Collins P. Jordan (1917-2004) was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Rapid City. He was the first Oglala Indian in the Diocese to be so ordained.
1985?	The Sisters of St. Francis at Red Cloud Indian School, St. Francis Mission, and nearby towns in Nebraska merged their communities and formed the Serena Regional Community.
1988-1997	Bishop Charles J. Chaput (1944-, Potawatomi), O.F.M. Cap. served as 6th Bishop of Rapid City and then Archbishop of Denver. He was the second Native American appointed as a bishop in the United States.
1997-	Bishop Blase J. Cupich (1949-) served as 7th Bishop of Rapid City.
1988	Red Cloud Indian School and Holy Rosary Mission celebrated their centennial year.
1988	A Mini-Tekakwitha Conference was held at Mother Butler Center, Rapid City.
1990	The Diocese established an Inculturation Project Office to revitalize the faith among its 14,000 Brule, Hunkpapa, Oglala, and Sans Arc Indian Catholics.
1992	The Diocesan Inculturation Project Office surveyed 10% of the American Indian Catholics and found 43% under age 18 and less than 20% practicing the Catholic faith.
1992	On behalf of himself and all pre-World War II American Indian catechists in the Diocese, Harry Blue Thunder (Brule) of the Rosebud Reservation received the Lumen Christi Award of the Catholic Church Extension Society.
1994	A devastating fire destroyed the Holy Rosary Mission Church and damaged other areas.
1996	The boy's high school basketball team won the Class A Boys' High School State Basketball Tournament.
1998	A new Church of the Holy Rosary was built and the Heritage Center was renovated extensively.
1998	A tornado destroyed Our Lady of the Sioux Church and all buildings of the parish in Oglala, which were replaced by a new church, parish hall, youth center, and sisters' residence.

Catholic Religious Communities

Jesuits or Society of Jesus

Authors, photographers, and notable achievers among the Jesuits and Sisters of St. Francis in South Dakota and Wyoming.

From 1888-1941, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as the Director of Holy Rosary Mission.

Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.

Dates Served

Name of Superior (Birth-Death)

1888-1892
Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J.

1892-1895
Reverend P. Florentin Digmann (1846-1931), S.J.

1895-1896
Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J.

1896-1903
Reverend Aloysius Bosche (1852-1903), S.J.

1903-1908
Reverend Mathias Schmitt (1862-1936), S.J.

1908-1916
Reverend Eugene Buechel (1874-1954), S.J.

1916-1920
Reverend Henry Grotegeers (1871-1957), S.J.

1920-1926
Reverend Louis J. Goll (1877-1946), S.J.

1926-1932
Reverend Albert C. Riester (1874-1951), S.J.

1932-1934
Reverend Aloysius J. Keel (1876-1936), S.J.

1934-1936
Reverend Daniel B. McNamara (1895-1986), S.J.

1936-1941
Reverend Martin A. Schiltz (1891-1979), S.J.

1941-1947
Reverend Francis J. Collins (1903-1972), S.J.

1947-1950
Reverend Leo A. Doyle (1895-1981), S.J.

1950-1955
Reverend Harold A. Fuller (1911-1955), S.J.

1955-1963
Reverend Lawrence E. Edwards (1907-1992), S.J.

1963-1965
Reverend Robert W. Lambeck (1917-), S.J.

1965-1968
Reverend Earl J. Kurth (1916-), S.J.

1968-1973
Reverend Ted F. Zuern (1921-2007), S.J.

1973-1979
Reverend Joseph D. Sheehan (1918-1997), S.J.

1979-1985
Reverend Eugene E. Zimmerman (1918-2007), S.J.

1985-1991
Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.

1991-1994
Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J.

1995-1996
Reverend David L. Smith (1953-), S.J.

1996-2002
Reverend William F. Pauly (1947-), S.J.

2002-ongoing
Reverend Patrick Burns (1933-), S.J.

Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity

From 1888-1970, the Superior of the Sisters St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity served simultaneously as the Principal of the Red Cloud Elementary School/Holy Rosary Mission Grade School.

Dates Served

Name of Superior (Birth-Death)

1888-1900
Reverend Mother Kostka Schlaghecken (1850-1932), O.S.F.

1900-1901
Sister Magdalene, O.S.F.

1901-1907
Reverend Mother Lucia, O.S.F.

1907-1915
Reverend Mother Petra, O.S.F.

1915-1921
Reverend Mother Ludgera Terhegger (1874-1959), O.S.F.

1921-1927
Reverend Mother M. Rosalinde Neuenhofer (1879-1927), O.S.F.

1927-1933
Reverend Mother Ludgera Terhegger (1874-1959), O.S.F.

1933-1938
Reverend Mother Leocadia Stecher, O.S.F.

1938-1939
Sister Bertrand Fleming (1893-1984), O.S.F.

1939-1944
Reverend Mother M. Evarista Carver (1882-1960), O.S.F.

1944-1950
Sister Bertrand Fleming (1893-1984), O.S.F.

1950-1954
Reverend Mother M. Agnesine Hargarten (1913-1985), O.S.F.

1954-1957
Reverend Mother Grace Wohlgemuth (1924-?), O.S.F.

1957-1960
Reverend Mother M. Adeltrude Fries (1897-1978), O.S.F.

1961-1966
Reverend Mother M. Bernard Meyer (1923-), O.S.F.

1966-1969
Sister Helen Borszich (1935-), O.S.F.

1969-1970
Sister Marie Therese Archambault (Hunkpapa, 1939-2007), O.S.F.

Sisters of the Humility of Mary

From 1931-1937, the Superior of the Humility of Mary Sisters served simultaneously as the Principal of the Our Lady of Lourdes Grade School. The Humility of Mary Sisters were followed by the Notre Dame Sisters, 1937-.

Dates Served

Name of Superior (Birth-Death)

1931
Sister John Berchmans Bradley (1872-1955), H.M.

1931-1937
Sister Mildred Walsh-Maloney (1885-1950), H.M.

Red Cloud Indian School

Red Cloud Indian School is a private school system comprised of three schools on the Pine Ridge Reservation -- Red Cloud Elementary (Pine Ridge), Our Lady of Lourdes Elementary (Porcupine), and Red Cloud High School (Pine Ridge). Until 1966, it was known as the Holy Rosary Mission school.

Presidents/Directors, Red Cloud Indian School

From 1888-1968, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as the Director of the Red Cloud Indian School/Holy Rosary Mission School. In 1975, The title of Director was changed to President.

Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.

Dates Served

Name (Birth-Death)

1888-1968
See list of Jesuit Superiors.

1968-1974
Reverend Theodore (Ted) F. Zuern (1921-2007), S.J.

1974-1976
Reverend Anthony L. Dagelen (1926-), S.J.

1976-1985
Reverend Earl J. Kurth (1916-), S.J.

1985-1991
Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.

1991-1995
Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J.

1995-1998
Reverend William McKenney G. (-1998), S.J.

1995-1999
Sister Patricia Cruise, S.C. (Acting)

1999-present
Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.

Superintendents, Red Cloud Indian School

The position of Superintendent of the Red Cloud Indian School system was established in 1966.

Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.

Dates Served

Name (Birth-Death)

1966-1972
Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J.

1972-1974
Reverend Gary T. Brophy (1937-1990), S.J.

1974-1976
Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J.

1976-1979
Reverend James J. Strzok (1939-) , S.J.

1979-1983
Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J.

1983-1994
Reverend David G. Matzko (1949-), S.J.

1994-1995
Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J.

1995-1997
Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.

1997-present
Reverend Thomas J. Merkel (1962-), S.J.

Principals, Red Cloud High School

From 1941-1972, the mission director/superintendent served simultaneously as the principal of Red Cloud High School/Holy Rosary Mission High School.

Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Jesuit Provinces and Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.

Dates Served

Name (Birth-Death)

1941-1942
Reverend William J. Fitzgerald (1904-1965), S.J.

1942-1944
Reverend Anthony J. Adams (1908-1994), S.J.

1944-1955
Reverend Lawrence E. Edwards (1907-1992), S.J.

1955-1964
Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J.

1964-1965
Reverend Paul B. Steinmetz (1922-), S.J. (Acting)

1965-1966
Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J.

1966-1968
Reverend Lawrence A. Jonas (1921-), S.J.

1968-1970
Reverend Joseph J. Labaj (1921-1985), S.J.

1970-1972
Reverend Hubert Boschert (1937-), S.J.

1972-1974
Sister Sheila Carroll (1928-), O.S.F

1974-1978
Reverend W. Kiley Stolz (1932-), S.J.

1978
Mr. John Lemak (1940-)

1978-1979
Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J.

1979-1990
Mr. Charles Cuny (1946-, Oglala)

1990-1992
Ms. Norma Tibbits (1947-, Oglala)

1992-2001
Mr. Robert Brave Heart (Oglala)

2002-2004
Reverend Thomas A. Simonds (1964-), S.J.

2004-present
Reverend Paul Coelho, S.J., Ph.D.

Oglala Sioux Tribal Presidents who attended Red Cloud Indian High School

Since the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934, 35 Oglala Lakota Presidents have served 2-year terms of office from 1935 to 2002. The following presidents attended Red Cloud Indian School/Holy Rosary Mission school.

Sources: Holy Rosary Mission-Red Cloud Indian School Records, Series 2-2 at Marquette University and the Oglala Sioux Tribe Archives at Oglala Lakota College. Oglala Lakota College maintains a presidential portrait gallery in the Woksape Tipi (Library) at its Piya Wiconi Campus, Kyle, South Dakota.

Presidential Service

Name (Birth-Death)

Home Community

Graduated

13th President (1957-1960)
James L. Iron Cloud (1950-)
Kyle

1970

15th President (1962-1964)
William Whirlwind Horse (1941-)
Allen

-

22nd President (1976-1978)
Albert W. Trimble (1925?-)
Wanblee

-

26th President (1984-1986)
Newton Cummings (1937-)
Martin

1957

Our Lady of Lordes Elementary School:

Associate Pastor/ Administrators

Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.

Dates Served

Name (Birth-Death)

1926-1936
Reverend Leo C. Cunningham (1888-1965), S.J.

1936-1944
Reverend Louis E. Meyer (1900-1985), S.J.

1944-1950
Reverend William J. Fitzgerald (1904-1965), S.J.

1950-1975
Reverend Leonard J. Fencl (1905-1986), S.J.

1975-1976
Reverend John A. Hennessy (1934-), S.J.

1977-1982
Reverend Anthony L. Dagelen (1926-), S.J.

1982-1997
Reverend Ronald S. Seminara (1944-), S.J.

1997-2002
Reverend James H. Ryan (1937-), S.J.

2002-present
Reverend William F. Pauly (1947), S.J.

Pine Ridge Reservation Parishes

Chronology

From 1901-1937, itinerant Jesuits from Holy Rosary Mission established and attended to many chapels and missions throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation. Multiple congregation and/or community names indicate name changes with current ones appearing first followed by past ones. Congregations with resident pastors are so noted.

Source: Entry Number M-222 of Guide to Catholic-Related Records in the Midwest about Native Americans, 2003.

Congregation, Community	Dates (Disposition)
Sacred Heart Mission, Pine Ridge [Village]/ Pine Ridge Agency	1890-present (1928, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
Holy Rosary Church, Holy Rosary Mission	1898-present
St. Joseph's Mission, Hisle/ Bear Creek	1901-1959 (1919, transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin; closed)
Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Martin	1901- (1929, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
St. Peter's Mission, St. Peter/ Wounded Knee Creek	1901-ca. 1973 (closed)
St. Paul's Mission, Porcupine Creek	1905- (1931, transferred to Our Lady of Lordes, Porcupine)
Our Lady of Good Counsel/ St. Anthony's/ Holy Guardian Angels Mission, Slim Butte	1905-present
St. Stephen's Mission, Lower Medicine Root	1906- (1970s, transferred to Our Lady of Sorrors, Kyle)
Our Lady of Good Counsel Mission, No Water	1908-?
Our Lady of the Lake Mission, Lacreek	1909- (1919, transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin)
St. John of the Cross Mission/ St. Lucy's, Allen/ Plenty Bears	1910- (1970s, transferred to St. Ignatius, Wanblee)
	(1980s, transferred to Our Lady of Sorrows, Kyle)
St. Henry's Mission, Potato Creek	1910-1959, 1970s-present
St. Paul's Mission, Sharp's Corner	1912- (n.d., transferred to St. Agnes, Manderson)
St. Ignatius Mission, Lips Camp	1912-1916 (closed)
Forty Martyrs Mission, Plenty Bears	1912-ca. 1920 (closed)
Sacred Heart Mission, Wounded Knee/Brennan	1913-present (1931, transferred to Our Lady of Lordes, Porcupine)
St. Agnes Mission, Manderson	1913-present (ca. 1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Mission, Martin	1917-present (1919, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
Sacred Heart Mission, Vetal	1917- present (1919, transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin)
St. Margaret's Mission, Grass Creek	1917-1925 (closed)
St. Magdalene's Mission, Lower Porcupine	1917-1925 (closed)
St. Bernard's Mission, Red Shirt/ Red Shirt Table/ Cheyenne River	1917-1949 (closed), 1970-present
St. Anne's/St. Anthony's Mission, Wolf Creek	1917-1959 (closed)
Our Lady of Sorrows/ Ss. Mary and Anna Mission, Kyle	1917- (1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
Our Lady of the Sioux/ St. Elizabeth's Mission, Oglala	1917-present (1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
	(1999, destroyed by tornado; 2001, rebuilt)
St. Joseph's Mission, Lake View	1920-1925 (closed)
St. Elizabeth's Mission, Rock Creek	1920-1925 (closed)
Our Lady of Sorrows Mission, Spring Creek	1920-1925 (closed)
Immaculate Conception Mission, Wanamaker	1920-1925 (closed)
Christ the King Church and Our Lady of Lourdes Mission, Porcupine	1926-present (1931, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
St. Mary Magdalene Mission, Rockyford	1926-1961 (1931, transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine; closed)
St. Madeline Sophie Mission, Three Mile Creek	1926-1959 (closed)
St. Ignatius Loyola Mission, Wanblee	1926- (1970s, becomes a parish with resident pastor)
St. Joseph's Mission, Cuny Table	1926-present (ca. 1975, transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine)
St. Cecelia's Mission, Red Water	1926-1943 (closed)
St. Charles Borromeo Mission, Batesland	1926-1969 (transferred to Sacred Heart, Martin)
St. Barbara's Mission, White River/Medicine Root Creek	1931-1943 (closed)
St. Anthony's/St. Lucy's Mission, Corn Creek	1931-1950 (closed)
St. Ann's Mission, Colored Hills	1933-ca. 1956 (closed)
St. Aloysius Mission, Holy Rosary Mission Ranch, Nebraska	1936-1953 (closed)
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Mission, Pine Creek	1936-1959 (closed)
Holy Rosary Mission, Interior	ca. 1955-present (1970s, transferred to St. Ignatius, Wanblee)

Native Catechists and Prayer Leaders (Oglala laity)

Notable Sources: Stipend lists in Series 3-2 Financial Records, 1928-1931, The Catholic Church among the Oglala People, Historical Notes (1876-1985), 1985, and We Walk By Faith, The Growth of the Catholic Faith in Western South Dakota by Sr. Eleanor Solon, O.S.B., 2002. Data from the Stipend Lists was compiled in 1992 for the Lumen Christi Award Application of the Diocese of Rapid City.

Name (Birth-Death)

Community and Dates Served

[Afraid of] Hawk, Emil Unknown, 1930-1931, n.d.

Apple

Charlie

Unknown, 1931, n.d.

George

Kyle, 1928-1931, n.d.

Bald Eagle Bear, Peter Wanblee, 1928-1931, n.d.

Black Elk [Nicholas W., Sr.] (1862-1950) Oglala, 1907; Manderson, 1907-1914, 1916-1936, Ravinia, Yankton Reservation, 1913-1916

Boyer, John Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d.

Broken Leg, Moses Kyle, n.d.

Catches, Paul Manderson, n.d.

Fast Horse, Phillip Allen, n.d.

Fast Wolf

Antoine

Pine Ridge, n.d.

Ed

Unknown, 1928-1929, n.d.

Philip

Wounded Knee, n.d.

Tomas

Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d.

Fills the Pipe, Silas Red Shirt Table, 1928-1931, n.d.

Fool Head, John Slim Buttes, 1928-1931, n.d.

Grass Jr., Jim Porcupine, 1929-1930, n.d.

Hernandez, Reyes [Raymond?] Cheyenne Creek, 1928-1931, n.d.

Horn Cloud, Joe Potato Creek and Slim Buttes, n.d.

Iron White Man Unknown, 1928- 1928, n.d.

Jealous of Him, Oscar [prayer leader] Lower Medicine Root, 1990s

Long, Dave Oglala, n.d.

Marrowbone, Ben Calico, 1928-1931, n.d.

Mesteth Manderson, n.d.

Mousseaux, Louis P. Kyle, n.d.

Patton, William Unknown, 1931-1931, n.d.

Poor Bear, W. Unknown, 1929-1929, n.d.

Randall, Charles "Charlie" Oglala, 1931-1931, n.d.

Randall, William "Bill" Bear Creek, 1928-1931, n.d.

Red Hair, William Unknown, 1929-1931, n.d.

Red Horn, Albert Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d.

Red Willow, Joseph Wanblee, n.d.

Richard, Joseph Unknown, 1930-1931, n.d.

Slow Bear, John Oglala, n.d.

Star [Comes Out], Ivan No Water, 1928-1931, n.d.

Two Two, Alex 1928-1928, n.d.

White Crow, Paul Edward Oglala, n.d.; Wanblee, 1928-1930, n.d.

Yellow Bull, Tom Manderson, 1931-1931, n.d.

Native Permanent Deacons (Diocesan Clergy)

Source: Diocese of Rapid City.

Dates Served	Name (Birth-Death)	Community, Dates Served
1975-1986	Reverend Mr. Stephen Red Elk (Oglala) (1917-1986)	Manderson, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1975-1986.
1975-ongoing	Reverend Mr. Reno Richards (Oglala) (1938- )	Allen, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1975- .
1978-1996	Reverend Mr. Victor Bull Bear (Oglala) (1939-1996)	Kyle and Lower Medicine Root, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1978-1996.
1982-1995	Reverend Mr. Francis Hairy Chin (Hunkpapa) (1916-1997)	Kenel, Standing Rock Reservation, 1982-1991; Rapid City, 1991-1995.
1984-2002	Reverend Mr. Lawrence Whiting (Oglala) (1913-2002)	Kyle, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1984-2002.
1985-ongoing	Reverend Mr. Harold Congdon (Sans Arc) (1949-)	Cherry Creek, Cheyenne River Reservation, 1985-1988; Oglala, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1985-1994;
		Dupree, Cheyenne River Reservation, 1994-1998; Parmelee, Rosebud Reservation, 1998-?
1986-ongoing	Reverend Mr. James "Heavy" Garnett (Oglala) (1936-dec.)	Rapid City, 1986-?
1994-ongoing	Reverend Mr. Leroy DeCory (Brulé) (1938- )	St. Francis, Rosebud Reservation, 1994-1995; Rapid City, 1995-ongoing
1995-ongoing	Reverend Mr. Calvin Clifford (Oglala)	Martin, 1995-?

Native Priests (Diocesan Clergy)

Source: Diocese of Rapid City.

Name (Birth Forenames, Birth-Death)

Jordon (Oglala), Reverend Collins (C.P.) P. (1917-2004) Ordained a diocesan priest in 1985.

Native Sisters

O.S.F. = Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity

S.S.S.F. = School Sisters of St. Francis

Sources: The Catholic Church among the Oglala People, Historical Notes (1876-1985), 1985, and the archives of the Sacred Heart Province (Denver, Colorado) of the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity.

Name (Birth Forenames, Birth-Death)

Archambault (Hunkpapa), Sister Marie Therese (Ida) (1939-2007), O.S.F.

Clifford (Oglala), Sister Bernardette (Anita) (1937-), O.S.F.

Clifford (Oglala), Sister Geraldine (Esther) (1931-), O.S.F.

Cuny (Oglala), Sister Genevieve (Carmilita) (1930-), O.S.F.

McGaa (Oglala), Sister Helena, S.S.S.F.

Mousseau (Oglala), Sister Lucy, S.S.S.F.

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Dates Served	Name of Superior (Birth-Death)
1888-1892	Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J.
1892-1895	Reverend P. Florentin Digmann (1846-1931), S.J.
1895-1896	Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J.
1896-1903	Reverend Aloysius Bosche (1852-1903), S.J.
1903-1908	Reverend Mathias Schmitt (1862-1936), S.J.
1908-1916	Reverend Eugene Buechel (1874-1954), S.J.
1916-1920	Reverend Henry Grotegeers (1871-1957), S.J.
1920-1926	Reverend Louis J. Goll (1877-1946), S.J.
1926-1932	Reverend Albert C. Riester (1874-1951), S.J.
1932-1934	Reverend Aloysius J. Keel (1876-1936), S.J.
1934-1936	Reverend Daniel B. McNamara (1895-1986), S.J.
1936-1941	Reverend Martin A. Schiltz (1891-1979), S.J.
1941-1947	Reverend Francis J. Collins (1903-1972), S.J.
1947-1950	Reverend Leo A. Doyle (1895-1981), S.J.
1950-1955	Reverend Harold A. Fuller (1911-1955), S.J.
1955-1963	Reverend Lawrence E. Edwards (1907-1992), S.J.
1963-1965	Reverend Robert W. Lambeck (1917-), S.J.
1965-1968	Reverend Earl J. Kurth (1916-), S.J.
1968-1973	Reverend Ted F. Zuern (1921-2007), S.J.
1973-1979	Reverend Joseph D. Sheehan (1918-1997), S.J.
1979-1985	Reverend Eugene E. Zimmerman (1918-2007), S.J.
1985-1991	Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.
1991-1994	Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J.
1995-1996	Reverend David L. Smith (1953-), S.J.
1996-2002	Reverend William F. Pauly (1947-), S.J.
2002-ongoing	Reverend Patrick Burns (1933-), S.J.

Dates Served	Name of Superior (Birth-Death)
1888-1900	Reverend Mother Kostka Schlaghecken (1850-1932), O.S.F.
1900-1901	Sister Magdalene, O.S.F.
1901-1907	Reverend Mother Lucia, O.S.F.
1907-1915	Reverend Mother Petra, O.S.F.
1915-1921	Reverend Mother Ludgera Terhegger (1874-1959), O.S.F.
1921-1927	Reverend Mother M. Rosalinde Neuenhofer (1879-1927), O.S.F.
1927-1933	Reverend Mother Ludgera Terhegger (1874-1959), O.S.F.
1933-1938	Reverend Mother Leocadia Stecher, O.S.F.
1938-1939	Sister Bertrand Fleming (1893-1984), O.S.F.
1939-1944	Reverend Mother M. Evarista Carver (1882-1960), O.S.F.
1944-1950	Sister Bertrand Fleming (1893-1984), O.S.F.
1950-1954	Reverend Mother M. Agnesine Hargarten (1913-1985), O.S.F.
1954-1957	Reverend Mother Grace Wohlgemuth (1924-?), O.S.F.
1957-1960	Reverend Mother M. Adeltrude Fries (1897-1978), O.S.F.
1961-1966	Reverend Mother M. Bernard Meyer (1923-), O.S.F.
1966-1969	Sister Helen Borszich (1935-), O.S.F.
1969-1970	Sister Marie Therese Archambault (Hunkpapa, 1939-2007), O.S.F.

Dates Served	Name (Birth-Death)
1888-1968	See list of Jesuit Superiors.
1968-1974	Reverend Theodore (Ted) F. Zuern (1921-2007), S.J.
1974-1976	Reverend Anthony L. Dagelen (1926-), S.J.
1976-1985	Reverend Earl J. Kurth (1916-), S.J.
1985-1991	Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.
1991-1995	Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J.
1995-1998	Reverend William McKenney G. (-1998), S.J.
1995-1999	Sister Patricia Cruise, S.C. (Acting)
1999-present	Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.

Dates Served	Name (Birth-Death)
1966-1972	Reverend John F. Bryde (1920-), S.J.
1972-1974	Reverend Gary T. Brophy (1937-1990), S.J.
1974-1976	Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J.
1976-1979	Reverend James J. Strzok (1939-) , S.J.
1979-1983	Reverend Edward D. Mathie (1937-), S.J.
1983-1994	Reverend David G. Matzko (1949-), S.J.
1994-1995	Reverend John M. Paul (1949-), S.J.
1995-1997	Reverend Peter J. Klink (1950-), S.J.
1997-present	Reverend Thomas J. Merkel (1962-), S.J.

Presidential Service	Name (Birth-Death)	Home Community	Graduated
13th President (1957-1960)	James L. Iron Cloud (1950-)	Kyle	1970
15th President (1962-1964)	William Whirlwind Horse (1941-)	Allen	-
22nd President (1976-1978)	Albert W. Trimble (1925?-)	Wanblee	-
26th President (1984-1986)	Newton Cummings (1937-)	Martin	1957

Dates Served	Name (Birth-Death)
1926-1936	Reverend Leo C. Cunningham (1888-1965), S.J.
1936-1944	Reverend Louis E. Meyer (1900-1985), S.J.
1944-1950	Reverend William J. Fitzgerald (1904-1965), S.J.
1950-1975	Reverend Leonard J. Fencl (1905-1986), S.J.
1975-1976	Reverend John A. Hennessy (1934-), S.J.
1977-1982	Reverend Anthony L. Dagelen (1926-), S.J.
1982-1997	Reverend Ronald S. Seminara (1944-), S.J.
1997-2002	Reverend James H. Ryan (1937-), S.J.
2002-present	Reverend William F. Pauly (1947), S.J.

Name (Birth-Death)	Community and Dates Served
[Afraid of] Hawk, Emil	Unknown, 1930-1931, n.d.
Apple
Charlie	Unknown, 1931, n.d.
George	Kyle, 1928-1931, n.d.
Bald Eagle Bear, Peter	Wanblee, 1928-1931, n.d.
Black Elk [Nicholas W., Sr.] (1862-1950)	Oglala, 1907; Manderson, 1907-1914, 1916-1936, Ravinia, Yankton Reservation, 1913-1916
Boyer, John	Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d.
Broken Leg, Moses	Kyle, n.d.
Catches, Paul	Manderson, n.d.
Fast Horse, Phillip	Allen, n.d.
Fast Wolf
Antoine	Pine Ridge, n.d.
Ed	Unknown, 1928-1929, n.d.
Philip	Wounded Knee, n.d.
Tomas	Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d.
Fills the Pipe, Silas	Red Shirt Table, 1928-1931, n.d.
Fool Head, John	Slim Buttes, 1928-1931, n.d.
Grass Jr., Jim	Porcupine, 1929-1930, n.d.
Hernandez, Reyes [Raymond?]	Cheyenne Creek, 1928-1931, n.d.
Horn Cloud, Joe	Potato Creek and Slim Buttes, n.d.
Iron White Man	Unknown, 1928- 1928, n.d.
Jealous of Him, Oscar [prayer leader]	Lower Medicine Root, 1990s
Long, Dave	Oglala, n.d.
Marrowbone, Ben	Calico, 1928-1931, n.d.
Mesteth	Manderson, n.d.
Mousseaux, Louis P.	Kyle, n.d.
Patton, William	Unknown, 1931-1931, n.d.
Poor Bear, W.	Unknown, 1929-1929, n.d.
Randall, Charles "Charlie"	Oglala, 1931-1931, n.d.
Randall, William "Bill"	Bear Creek, 1928-1931, n.d.
Red Hair, William	Unknown, 1929-1931, n.d.
Red Horn, Albert	Unknown, 1928-1931, n.d.
Red Willow, Joseph	Wanblee, n.d.
Richard, Joseph	Unknown, 1930-1931, n.d.
Slow Bear, John	Oglala, n.d.
Star [Comes Out], Ivan	No Water, 1928-1931, n.d.
Two Two, Alex	1928-1928, n.d.
White Crow, Paul Edward	Oglala, n.d.; Wanblee, 1928-1930, n.d.
Yellow Bull, Tom	Manderson, 1931-1931, n.d.