< Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records Index < Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Notable Events & People

HOLY ROSARY MISSION/RED CLOUD INDIAN SCHOOL RECORDS

Historical Note

Holy Rosary Mission and Red Cloud Indian School were established by Jesuits in 1888. This followed Red Cloud's persistent requests for Catholic missionaries and the rescinding of federal restrictions on Christian evangelization. The school has been continually staffed by Jesuits, Sisters of St. Francis, and lay volunteers. After the termination of federal funding, the school continued to prosper through private contributions from St. Katherine Drexel, federal disbursement of tribal funds held in trust, and operation of a mission ranch.

Catholicism flourished on the reservation during the first half of the 20th century. In most communities, local parishes were organized, each with a catechist, lay sodalities, and an itinerant Jesuit pastor. Annually, the faithful gathered for reservation wide general sodality meetings followed by the statewide Catholic Sioux Congress.

Christian fervor waned after World War II, which has been addressed by revitalization efforts since the 1970s.  Parishes were re-organized with more resident (and fewer itinerant) Jesuit and Native priests and deacons, and parish councils.  The general sodality meetings and Catholic Sioux Congresses remain popular among the elders, however, many faithful also attend Mini (diocesan) and National Tekakwitha Conferences and have organized parish Kateri Circles.

See also --  Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Notable Events & People.

See also --  Notable Authors and Photographers among the Jesuits and Sisters of St. Francis.

Scope and Content

Series: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

The collection documents the Catholic activity involving Jesuits within the Pine Ridge Reservation and neighboring areas. Substantial information pertains to Red Cloud Indian School, local and lay church activities, Dakota linguistic study, and Dakota oral literature. Limited information pertains to topics such as the Messiah Movement, the Black Hills claim, the chartering of the Oglala Sioux Tribe, the Wounded Knee insurrection, the Holy Rosary Mission Ranch in Nebraska, and St. Francis Mission on the Rosebud Reservation.

Documents in various formats by and about Red Cloud Indian School are extensive and dispersed throughout the collection. On a given event, Series 1 may contain the program, Series 6 may contain photographs, and Series 8 may contain news clippings. Also extensive and widely dispersed are material on development of the church among the Oglala, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, in Rapid City, and elsewhere.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 1, Mission and School Correspondence: The operation of Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School is documented throughout the series. Specifically, there are letters regarding: mission's origins (1879), school contracts between the mission and government (1908-1935), school sports and extra-curricular activities (1930s-present), school acquisition of the government's surplus military supplies and commodity foods (1946-1948), and the school's implementation of bicultural programs (1970s). Operation of the mission ranch is also noted (1924, 1937-1941). Also well-documented are Jesuit concerns regarding evangelization throughout the Pine Ridge Reservation and the Diocese of Rapid City. Among them are: a Bishop's letter on "spiritual dangers" (ca. 1910-1915), letters on joint government-missionary social policy conferences (1922), letters on the development of church facilities (1930s), [Nicholas] Black Elk's letter as a catechist asserting fidelity to Catholicism (January 26, 1934), a letter on declining needs for catechists (Schlitz to Brooks, June 24, 1940), an historical sketch on the Mother Butler Center and a program on the dedication of St. Isaac Jogues Church, Rapid City, (October 12, 1975), a letter on establishment of the Sioux Spiritual Center, Plainview (November 11, 1977), and a Lakota Times newspaper clipping (November 2, 1983) of a translated 1948 letter by [Nicholas] Black Elk regarding his spirituality. Oglala socio-economic and political concerns are reflected throughout the series as well. Included are letters on the Black Hills claim (Ralph H. Case: February 7, 1923, 1920s?, and September 3, 1943), the chartering of the Oglala Sioux Tribe (1932-1935), and the Wounded Knee insurrection (1973). Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 2, Mission and School Reports: The sacramental records document participation by individuals in the sacramental ceremonies of the Catholic Church. The chronicles of the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity include notes on the messiah movement, 1890-1891. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series. 

Restricted Reports

Series 2-2, School Attendance Records: These are reports of pupil attendance at the former Holy Rosary Mission school, which were compiled quarterly and submitted to the federal government for the purpose of receiving per capita tuition payments from tribal trust funds. Generally, the lists include names of pupils and staff members, Indian tribal and non-Indian ethnicity, degree of Indian blood, dates of attendance with related comments, and statistical summaries. Many pupil lists are first categorized by gender, ethnicity, and lodging status and there under arranged alphabetically by surname.

The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, Series 2-1, includes additional pupil attendance records for the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School and the Series 2-1 Scope and Content Note include more information about the nature of these records, why they and other student records are restricted by law, and how to gain access to them. Exceptions are noted below.

Series 2-2, Indian Roll Census: Per agreement with the Oglala Sioux Tribe Enrollment Office, January 26, 1996, certified copies of two forms of personal identity documents must be presented in person for each genealogical request involving the Indian Roll Census.  For further information, contact the Oglala Sioux Tribe Enrollment Office, Pine Ridge, South Dakota 57770, telephone 605-867-1321.

Series 2-2T, Red Cloud High School Student Transcripts and Cumulative Files: All requests for transcripts and records from cumulative files must be made through Red Cloud High School during regular business hours.  Facsimile copies may be sent to any third party authorized through Red Cloud High School. For further information, contact Red Cloud High School, 100 Mission Drive, Pine Ridge, South Dakota 57770-2100. Phone: 605-867-5888.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 3, Mission and School Financial Records: Document local parish and sodality expenses and the mission ranch.  

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 4, Mission, School, and General Proceedings: Contains records for the Catholic Sioux Congress of South Dakota (1920-1988), the Catholic Sioux Congress of Montana and North Dakota (1943-1986), and the Wisconsin Jesuit Province Indian Mission Board, which pertains to Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School, St. Francis Mission, and Mother Butler Center/St. Isaac Jogues Church. The Congress proceedings include discussions on "Spiritual dangers" (South Dakota Congresses, 1920s-1970s), religious vocations (South Dakota Congresses, 1961, 1967-1970s), and use of the sacred pipe (Congress, 1973-1970s). Religious vocations are addressed by the Wisconsin (Jesuit) Apostolate Board. The St. Alphonsus Chapel sodality records by Joseph Bad Yellow Hair include minutes of meetings and two appended winter counts. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series. 

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 5, Mission and School Publications: This series includes school literary works--Voices of Red Cloud and And Morning Followed, yearbooks--Crusader, Red Cloud's Dream, and Rosary, curriculum texts--Ehanni Ohunkakan and Lakota Stories, a staff orientation manual--A Source Book, et. al., and a variety of newspapers. 

Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series. The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, Series 14-1, contains the most comprehensive holdings of Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School periodicals plus the microfilm version, e.g. Freshman Voices, The Crusader, Red Cloud's Dream, Rosary, Special Voices of Red Cloud, and Voices of Red Cloud.

Work in-progress: The Marquette University Libraries are developing bibliographic records for the publications in this collection. This includes all books, pamphlets, magazines, newsletters, prayer cards, published maps, published sound and video recordings, etc., and excludes clipping files and reprints of articles. As they are created, the bibliographic records will appear in Marqcat, the Marquette University online catalog. Furthermore, as an interim and supplemental search tool, most titles to publications in this and related collections appear in the Index to Publications in Native America Collections. 

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 6, Mission, School, Jesuit, and General Photography: Photography by Jesuits or others and collected by Jesuits at Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School. Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School transferred the bulk of the photography to Marquette University with the exception of a few items donated by individuals. While most images pertain to Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School, Oglala Indians, and the Pine Ridge Reservation, some images pertain to St. Francis Mission, Brulé [Sicangu] Indians, and the Rosebud Reservation or elsewhere in South Dakota and adjacent states. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series. The photographs are divided first by format into black and white and color prints and negatives. The black and white prints are divided into four categories: albums and three subject files: biographical, geographical, and topical. The albums are arranged numerically and include various mixed topics, which are described in the inventory. The latter three file categories are further divided into subjects arranged alphabetically with a name and number with smaller prints -- 8 x 10 inches and smaller -- preceding those with larger dimensions. Cross-referencing facilitates searching across categories and subjects.

Some voluminous subjects have more than one folder of prints and duplicate copies and/or photocopies with "see also" notes included within one or more folders. "Unidentified" and "Unknown" denote subjects and places, respectively, that lack identification, although they may be identifiable. Throughout the inventories, "See" and "See also" notes are located at the end of a number of subject entries, which provide cross-referencing between related subjects and oversized prints. For each folder, the dates noted are limited to the first and last known years when images were created with intervening years, if any, not included. These are followed by “n.d.” for “no dates” to indicate undated images. In addition, staff may determine and note approximate dates in parentheses as follows:   

·         "n.d." (ca. year-year) = No creation years known; the years given identify the approximate years derived from clues within the images and related text. 

·         “n.d. (Used Red Cloud Country)” or “n.d. (Used Other Title)” = No creation years known; the years given identify when Red Cloud Country or Other Title first published the images, which typically was less than 10 years after they were taken.

Photographers/Studios, Photo Finishers, and Other Repositories: It is believed that Jesuit photographers created the bulk of the photographs even though, for most prints, the photographer has not been identified. Throughout this series, one or more prints have been attributed to those noted below. Many other photographers and photo finishers stamped the border or verso of prints with their business name and location and possibly the date when the image was taken or developed, which provides important clues in identifying the year and location of an image's creation. Typically images were developed soon after their creation and within 100 miles of that location. The collection also includes a number of copy prints from several archival repositories, which are so-noted in the folder headings by "[copy print (s) from other repository (ies)]," which applies to all items within a folder, and "[includes copy print (s) from other repository (ies)]," which applies to only some items within a folder.

Master List of Photographers, Studios, Photo Finishers, and Photographic Repositories: This list contains all known sources represented in the photography.

6-1, Albums: The albums are arranged numerically and include various mixed topics, which are described in the inventory. All boxes are oversize, the numbers of which are distinguished by the letter prefix "AO."

6-1, Biographical Files: The files focus on prints of individual persons, which are arranged alphabetically by surname whenever possible. Persons without surnames and those whose surnames are unknown, are alphabetized by the forenames given. The folder titles contain personal names; personal titles, initials denoting religious institute (order) affiliation, if any and if known, tribal affiliation for Native Americans, if known, and date taken, if known. Archives staff added personal titles whenever the person's gender was not apparent from other information in the folder title, e.g. Mr., Ms., Mrs. The Help Page for Native America Images provides links to glossaries of Catholic and Native American terms and titles and master lists of Catholic and Native American groups. The list of Catholic groups provides identification of the initials used by members of religious institutes. Locations where the images were taken were not determined and are not included in the folder titles. The boxes are letter size and oversize, which are distinguished by the letter prefix "B" and "BO" respectively.

6-1, Geographical Files: The files focus on prints of specific and general locations, which are  divided first into those from South Dakota followed by ones from other states and countries. There under the prints are arranged alphabetically by place. The folder titles contain the geographic location of prints in descending order beginning with state,  reservation, if any, locality, and Catholic institution, if pertinent. The bulk of the geographical files pertain to Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School and/or the Pine Ridge Reservation. However, for a number of prints, definitive evidence on the location of images is neither self-evident nor stated on associated documentation. Unless contrary evidence is available, Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School and/or the Pine Ridge Reservation are the presumed locations. While some of the prints are generally known to have been taken within the general area of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, etc., specific locations may be unidentified and unknown. Folders containing such prints are so-noted within their general locations as "Unidentified/Unknown." The boxes are letter size and oversize, which are distinguished by the letter prefix "G" and "GO" respectively. 

6-1, Topical Files: The files focus on prints of activities, groups, and objects, which are arranged alphabetically by topic with locations and dates noted, to the extent known. The folder titles contain the topic, location, if known, and dates, if known. Topics with substantial numbers of prints are further divided into sub-topics. The bulk of the topical files pertain to Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School and/or the Pine Ridge Reservation. However, for a number of prints, definitive evidence on the location of images is neither self-evident nor stated on associated documentation. Unless contrary evidence is available, Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School and/or the Pine Ridge Reservation are the presumed locations. While some of the prints are generally known to have been taken within the general area of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, etc., specific locations may be unidentified and unknown. Folders containing such prints are so-noted within their general locations as "Unidentified/Unknown." The boxes are letter size and oversize, which are distinguished by the letter prefix "T" and "TO" respectively. 

6-2, Color Prints:

6-3, Color Slides:

Other collections at Marquette University include related images, e.g. the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Digital Collection, the St. Francis Mission Digital Collection, the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, Series 9, the St. Francis Mission Records, Series 6.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 7, Jesuit Papers: Personal papers of Jesuits with papers of others collected by Jesuits at Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School. Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School transferred the bulk of the papers to Marquette University with the exception of some items donated by Jesuits themselves. While most papers pertain to Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School, Oglala Indians, and the Pine Ridge Reservation, some papers pertain to St. Francis Mission, Brulé [Sicangu] Indians, and the Rosebud Reservation, Rapid City, or elsewhere in South Dakota and adjacent states. This reflects, the diverse ministries served by Jesuits and their propensity to retain and share their personal papers with other Jesuits. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series.

Work in-progress: The Marquette University Libraries are developing bibliographic records for the publications in this collection. This includes all books, pamphlets, magazines, newsletters, prayer cards, published maps, published sound and video recordings, etc., and excludes clipping files and reprints of articles. As they are created, the bibliographic records will appear in Marqcat, the Marquette University online catalog. Furthermore, as an interim and supplemental search tool, most titles to publications in this and related collections appear in the Index to Publications in Native America Collections. 

Buechel, Reverend Eugene, S.J.: Father Buechel compiled substantial documentation on Brulé and Oglala language, beliefs, and traditions. They include papers authored by himself and the following Oglala and Brulé [Sicangu] Indians.

Bad Yellow Hair, Asa (Oglala)	Literary Narratives
Bad Yellow Hair, Joseph (Oglala)	Literary Narratives and St. Alphonsus Chapel Sodality Records with appended Winter Counts (Series 4)
Big Missouri	Winter Count
Big Turkey, Peter (Brulé)	Literary Narratives
Black Elk, Martin (Oglala)	Religious Writings
Black Wolf	Literary Narratives
Blue Horse Owner	Literary Narratives
Brave Dog	Literary Narratives
Bull Ring	Winter Count
Canrarake	Literary Narratives
Crazy Horse, Chief (Oglala)	Literary Narratives
Eagle Feather, Ralph	Historical Narratives
Fills the Pipe, Silas (Oglala)	Literary Narratives and Winter Counts
Good Horse, Peter	Literary Narratives
He Crow, Joseph	Literary Narratives
High Dog	Literary Narratives
Iron Shell, Peter	Literary Narratives
Itunkasan Gleska	Literary Narratives
Little Cloud	Literary Narratives
Little Killer	Literary Narratives
Lone Man (Oglala)	Literary Narratives
Lone Wolf, Richard (Oglala)	Literary Narratives
Mato Cangleska	Literary Narratives
Nakpogi Oguja	Literary Narratives
No Ears, John	Drawings and Winter Counts
No Water, Joseph	Literary Narratives
Old Walker	Literary Narratives
Pretty Eagle	Historical Narratives and Literary Narratives
Pretty Weasel	Literary Narratives
Red Horn	Literary Narratives
Red Feather	Drawings
Ring Thunder, Benjamin (Brulé)	Literary Narratives
Singing Bear	Literary Narratives
Sitting Elk	Literary Narratives
Spotted Elk	Literary Narratives
Spotted Thunder	Literary Narratives
Stars [Come Out], Ivan	Literary Narratives
Thunder Tail, John	Literary Narratives
Wakeniyen Ska	Winter Count
Wakinyan Situpi	Literary Narratives
Walking Elk, Ignatius	Literary Narratives
Wanbli Gleska	Literary Narratives
Wanbli Waste	Historical Narratives
Wata Peta	Winter Count
Water, Alex	Literary Narratives
Wawoslata	Literary Narratives
White Head Around	Literary Narratives
White Lance, Jesse	Literary Narratives
Young Skunk, Henry	Historical Narratives

The Jesuit Papers in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records contain the bulk of Father Buechel's research papers regarding Lakota language and culture. See also the records of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, St. Francis Mission, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records. Series 6, Photography, includes images pertaining to some of the Native American authors whose writings were collected by Father Buechel. His diary, personal correspondence, and sermons at Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, are in the Series 7, Jesuit Papers, of the St. Francis Mission Records.  

Bucko, Reverend Raymond A., S.J.: Father Buckos papers pertain to St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, and the Diocese of Rapid City. See also the St. Francis Mission Records and the Inculturation Task Forces Records of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops Ad-Hoc Committee on Native American Catholics. 

Digmann, Reverend P. Florentine, S.J.: Father Digmann's papers pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, the St. Francis Mission Records, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records. 

Doll, Reverend Don, S.J.: Father Doll's photography and related research pertains to St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, Red Cloud Indian School, Pine Ridge Reservation, and the Dakota Indians in South Dakota and adjacent states. See also the Don Doll, S.J. Collection.

Goll Reverend Louis J., S.J.: The writings of Father Goll pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, the St. Francis Mission Records, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.  

Jutz, Reverend John B., S.J.: The writings of Father Jutz pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, the St. Francis Mission Records, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.  

Nunlist, Brother Ursus, S.J.: Although brief, the writings of Brother Nunlist pertain to the founding of Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, and St. Stephen's Mission, Wind River Reservation. See also the Jesuit Papers in the St. Francis Mission Records, and the St. Stephen's Mission Records. 

Perrig, Reverend Emil, S.J.: Father Perrig's papers pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation. His diary includes several entries pertaining to the Messiah movement, 1889-1891. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, the St. Francis Mission Records, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.   

Sialm, Reverend Placidus F., S.J.: Father Sialm's papers pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.  

Steinmetz, Reverend Paul B., S.J.: Father Steinmetz's papers pertain to his pastoral work and studies on the relationships between the pipe, the Bible, and peyote on the Pine Ridge Reservation. 

Stolzman, Reverend William F.: Father Stolzman left the Society of Jesus. However, from 1973-1978, he was a Jesuit involved in ministry to Native Americans and in so doing, he chaired the Medicine Men and Clergy Meetings at St. Francis Mission. The meetings were a theological dialogue comprised of 85 sessions between Brulé and Oglala Indian medicine men (with spouses and associates) and Jesuit priests. The record is comprised of recordings (St. Francis Mission Records, Series 9), transcripts (St. Francis Mission Records, Series 7), and related drafts and presentations (Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records, Series 7 and 9, and St. Francis Mission Records, Series 7 and 9). From and with these documents, Father Stolzman wrote The Pipe and Christ: A Christian-Sioux Dialogue, 1986, a comparative analysis of Catholic and Native belief and ritual.         

Westropp, Reverend Henry I., S.J.: Father Westropp's papers pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, and St. Paul's Mission, Yankton Reservation. In 1917 he transferred to the Jesuit missions in India. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, the St. Francis Mission Records, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.    

White, Reverend Robert A., S.J.: Father White's papers pertain to his studies as a sociologist, primarily at Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, and in Rapid City.    

Zimmerman, Reverend Joseph A., S.J.: Father Zimmerman's papers pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation and St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation. See also the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions Records, the St. Francis Mission Records, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.    

Zuern, Reverend Ted F., S.J.: Father Zeurn's papers pertain to Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, St. Isaac Jogues Church, Rapid City, and the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, where he served as Associate Director. See also the records of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, St. Francis Mission, St. Isaac Jogues Church, and elsewhere in the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 8, General Publications: Publications, clippings, and U.S. Government documents pertaining to the Pine Ridge Reservation, at least in part. Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School collected the bulk of these items with additional ones added by the Marquette University Archives. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series.

Work in-progress: The Marquette University Libraries are developing bibliographic records for the publications in this collection. This includes all books, pamphlets, magazines, newsletters, prayer cards, published maps, published sound and video recordings, etc., and excludes clipping files and reprints of articles. As they are created, the bibliographic records will appear in Marqcat, the Marquette University online catalog. Furthermore, as an interim and supplemental search tool, most titles to publications in this and related collections appear in the Index to Publications in Native America Collections.

Federal Documents: Contain a copy of the transcript of a meeting between President Rutherford B. Hayes and Chiefs Red Cloud and Spotted Tail at the White House in 1877. It includes a request for Jesuits by Red Cloud and Spotted Tail. Other concerns include the Black Hills claim (1868, 1890, 1913, n.d.), the chartering of the Oglala Sioux Tribe and its commemoration (ca. 1930-1936), and reservation poverty, social unrest, racism, tribal nationalism, and the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation (1957-1975). The Pine Ridge Research Bulletin, no. 2, 5, 7, 10, and 11, describe several local churches and Native Christian life. 

Newspaper Clippings: Notable topics include mission origins (1877, 1903, 1908), school curriculum, sports, extracurricular activities (1920s-present), and bicultural education (1970s), the Messiah movement and its commemoration (1890-1891, 1986), and reservation poverty, social unrest, racism, tribal nationalism, and the Wounded Knee occupation (1960s-1974).

Published Writings: Those by Bryde, Duratschek, Giago, Smith, and the journal articles include information relating to Red Cloud Indian School (1963-1964).

Diocese of Rapid City Records: The Permanent Diaconate Program addresses concerns on religious vocations and and Priests' Senate minutes express concerns on poverty, social unrest, and racism (1974-1975.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 9, Mission, Jesuit, and General Sound Recordings: Sound recordings recorded or collected by Jesuits at Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School. Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School transferred the bulk of the recordings to Marquette University with the exception of a few related items added by archives staff. While most recordings pertain to Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School, Oglala Indians, and the Pine Ridge Reservation, some pertain to Indians in Rapid City or elsewhere. This reflects, the diverse ministries served by Jesuits and their propensity to retain and share their personal papers with other Jesuits. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series.

Work in-progress: The Marquette University Libraries are developing bibliographic records for the publications in this collection. This includes all books, pamphlets, magazines, newsletters, prayer cards, published maps, published sound and video recordings, etc., and excludes clipping files and reprints of articles. As they are created, the bibliographic records will appear in Marqcat, the Marquette University online catalog. Furthermore, as an interim and supplemental search tool, most titles to publications in this and related collections appear in the Index to Publications in Native America Collections. 

General Recordings

Black Elk, Benjamin "Ben:" Two presentations on Oglala history, culture, and religion.

Holy Rosary Mission Summer Session: Towards an Indian Perspective: A 1978 summer conference at Holy Rosary Mission, Pine Ridge Reservation, that featured Brulé and  Oglala Indians, Jesuits, and others familiar with Catholic Church involvement on Indian reservations in South Dakota. See the St. Francis Mission Records, Series 9.     

Jesuit Recordings

Casey, Reverend George, S.J.: Father Casey created Lakota language teaching aids with Cornelius Kills Small (Oglala) and others.        

Steinmetz, Reverend Paul B., S.J.: Includes Peyote and Yuwipi songs recorded and collected by Father Steinmetz, a Ben Black Elk funeral eulogy and presentation on the pipe and Lakota ceremonies by Father Steinmetz, and a prayer service by Reverend John Hascall (Ojibwa), O.F.M.Cap.

Stolzman, Reverend William F.: Father Stolzman created Lakota language teaching aids with Reyes Hernandez (Oglala). Also included are drafts and presentations on the Medicine Men and Clergy Meetings held at St. Francis Mission, Rosebud Reservation, and the resulting book, The Pipe and Christ: A Christian-Sioux Dialogue (1986), a comparative analysis of Catholic and Lakota belief and ritual. Father Stolzman's other papers and recordings are within the St. Francis Mission Records, Series 7 and 9, and the Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Records, Series 7.

White, Reverend Robert A., S.J.: Discussions in Rapid City, South Dakota recorded and collected by sociologist Father Bob White regarding that city's urban poor. Most of these people were then recent immigrants from the Cheyenne River (Sans Arc), Pine Ridge (Oglala), and Rosebud Reservations (Brulé).

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 10, Mission, Jesuit, and General Motion Picture and Video Recordings: Video recordings recorded or collected by Jesuits at Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School. Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School transferred the bulk of the recordings to Marquette University with the exception of a few related items added by archives staff. While most recordings pertain to Holy Rosary/Red Cloud School, Oglala Indians, and the Pine Ridge Reservation, a few pertains to the Diocese of Rapid City and elsewhere. This reflects, the diverse ministries served by Jesuits and their propensity to retain and share their personal papers with other Jesuits. Other series within the Holy Rosary Missions/Red Cloud Indian School Records and other Marquette University collections contain documentation relating to this series.

Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School Series 0, Unprocessed and Non-Archival Records: Marquette University also holds unprocessed archival records from Holy Rosary Mission/Red Cloud Indian School. These records have not been prepared for research use. Some restrictions may apply.