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< St. Francis
Mission Records Index |
ST. FRANCIS MISSION RECORDS
Notable Historical Events and Leaders
Source: Entry Number M-228a of Guide to Catholic-Related Native American Records in Midwest Repositories, 2004
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Dates
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Event
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1846-1851
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Reverend Pierre-Jean de Smet (1801-1873), S.J., an itinerant missionary, visited the Brulé Indians. |
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1870-1881
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Under the Peace Policy of President Grant, the government banned Catholic missionaries from the Rosebud Agency. |
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1870-1880s
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On many different occasions Chief Spotted Tail (1823-1881) stated his request for Catholic missionaries. In 1877 at a White House meeting with President Rutherford B. |
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Hayes, Spotted Tail said: "I would like to say something about a teacher. My children, all of them, would like to learn how to talk English. They would like to learn |
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how to read and write. We have teachers there, but all they teach us is to talk Lakota, and to write Lakota, and that is not necessary. I would like to get Catholic |
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priests. Those who wear black dresses. These men will teach us how to read and write English ..." |
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1879, 1889
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The Vicariate Apostate of Dakota Territory was established, which became the Diocese of Sioux Falls in 1889. |
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1879-1894
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Bishop Marty served as Vicar of Dakota Territory and then first Bishop of Sioux Falls. |
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1879-1886
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Bishop Marty sent Benedictines from Standing Rock Reservation to visit intermittently. |
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1883
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Reverend Francis M. Craft (Mohawk), a diocesan priest, resided on the Rosebud Reservation. |
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1883-1888
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Priests residing on the Rosebud Reservation visited intermittently on the Pine Ridge Reservation. |
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1885 |
Bishop Marty asked Jesuits from the German Province (Buffalo, New York and Holland; now Munich, Germany) to establish a mission. The Jesuits agreed, acquired the site, |
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and constructed the first building. The Jesuit community was established the following year. The site, then called Hinhansunwapa (Owl Feather Bonnet) was located near the |
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camps of Chief Two Strike, the successor to Spotted Tail. Saint Katharine Drexel (1858-1955), a wealthy Philadelphia heiress, funded the first building and provided |
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substantial financial support thereafter. |
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1886-1976
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The Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity (first, the Mary Immaculate Province, Nonnenwerth, Germany, then the Holy Name Province, Stella Niagara, |
| New York, and later the Sacred Heart Province, Denver, Colorado) established a community and taught at the St. Francis Mission school. | |
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1886?-1965
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St. Francis Mission operated a ranch in Nebraska. |
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1884-1901
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The federal government provided varying levels of school funding. |
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1891
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Rosebud Reservation delegates attended their first annual Catholic Sioux Congress at Standing Rock Reservation. The catechetical ministry and the St. Mary and St. Joseph |
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Societies were then organized within the reservation parishes. |
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1891
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For the first time, school enrollment exceeded 200 students, grades 1-8. |
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1893-1937
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Many parishes were established throughout the Rosebud Reservation. They were served by itinerant pastors from St. Francis Mission. |
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1893
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St. Francis Mission hosted its first Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1895-
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St. Charles Church at St. Francis Mission was built and served as the school chapel and a local parish. |
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1896-1904
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Federal school funding decreased gradually and then stopped. More money became available through Saint Katharine Drexel and other church sources. |
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1897
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1899-1931
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Throughout the Rosebud Reservation itinerant Jesuits from St. Francis Mission established and attended to many chapels and missions, a number of which became parishes |
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eventually. |
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1902
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The Diocese of Lead was established and included all of South Dakota west of the Missouri River. |
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1902-1909
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Bishop John Stariha (1845-1915) served as the first Bishop of Lead. |
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1905
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1906-1935
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The government made tribal treaty funds available for school support. These were federally administered funds available on a per capita basis through a petition process. |
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1907
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Among the Jesuits, administration over St. Francis Mission transferred from the German Province's Buffalo Mission to the former Turin Province's Rocky Mountain Mission |
| (now consolidated with the Italian Province, Rome, Italy). | |
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1908
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1909
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Among the Jesuits, administration over St. Francis Mission transferred to the California Province (Los Gatos, California). |
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1909
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The school enrollment exceeded 300 students for the first time. |
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1909
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16 Jesuits (4 priests and 12 brothers), 18 Sisters of St. Francis, and 3 catechists served the mission, school, and chapels throughout the reservation. |
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1910-1915
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Bishop Joseph Busch (1866-1953) served as the second Bishop of Lead. |
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1911-1913
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Itinerant Jesuits from St. Francis established and attended to a mission on the Yankton Reservation, which thereafter became an independent mission. |
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1912
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Among the Jesuits, administration over St. Francis Mission transferred to the Missouri Province (headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri). |
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1916-1948
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Bishop John J. Lawler (1862-1948) served as the third Bishop of Lead. |
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1916
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Most of the mission buildings are destroyed by fire, including the church, Jesuit residence, and girl's dormitory. Many administrative records were also destroyed but the boy's |
| dormitory (a masonry building) and the carpentry shop remained. | |
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1924
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1924
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The school organized its first boy's basketball team for varsity competition. |
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1925-1933
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Camp DeSmet was operated by the mission. It was a summer camp for non-Indian urban youth who attended Jesuit schools. |
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1925-1926, 1934-1941
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St. Francis Mission High School participated in the National Catholic Interscholastic Basketball Tournament at Loyola University, Chicago a and placed 3rd in 1935, 4th in |
| 1940, and 2nd in 1941.They were recognized in 1938 as the best coached team and in 1940 as the team overcoming the greatest handicap. Nonparticipation in 1927 was due | |
| to an outbreak of scarlet fever on the reservation. | |
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1925-1975
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Several churches were closed throughout the Rosebud Reservation. See the Chronology of Parishes below for details. |
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1929
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1930
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The Diocese of Lead became the Diocese of Rapid City, reflecting the change in see cities from Lead to Rapid City. |
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1931
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St. Francis Mission received high school accreditation. |
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1933
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St. Francis Mission graduated its first high school class. |
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1935
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Federal funds became available to subsidize the boarding of students. |
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1936
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St. Francis Mission celebrated its 50th anniversary and hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1940s-1950s
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The enrollment at the St. Francis Mission school exceeded 500 students. |
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1947-1969
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Bishop William T. McCarty (1889-1972), C.S.s.R., served as the fourth Bishop of Rapid City (formerly, Diocese of Lead). |
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1950
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The Buechel Memorial Lakota Museum was built at the mission to house and display Reverend Buechel's collection of Brulé and Oglala material culture. |
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1955
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Among the Jesuits, administration of St. Francis Mission transferred to the Wisconsin Province (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). |
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1957
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1964-1975
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The dormitories are phased out and St. Francis Mission school transformed from a boarding school to a day school. |
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1964-
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The "Sioux For Christ" Sunday program began broadcasting on radio stations throughout Nebraska and North and South Dakota. |
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1965-ca.1980
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The Rosebud Christian Social Action group operates a joint Catholic-Protestant venture providing socio-economic programs throughout the reservation. |
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1967
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St. Francis Mission school formed a Parent Advisory Board. |
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1968
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The Holy See approved the restoration of the permanent diaconate as a ministry for the Church in the United States. |
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1968
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1969-1987
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Bishop Harold J. Dimmerling (1914-1987) served as the fifth Bishop of Rapid City. |
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1970
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The Parent Advisory Board formed a community corporation, Sicangu Oyate Ho, Inc. |
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1972
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St. Francis Mission school was renamed St. Francis Indian School and Sicangu Oyate Ho assumed control. |
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1972-1973
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St. Francis Indian School began to receive federal contract school aid. |
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1972-1980
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St. Francis Mission continued to provide administrative and financial support to St. Francis Indian School. |
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1972-1976
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The St. Francis community developed and hosted activities celebrating the U.S. bicentennial. |
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1974
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The Diocese of Rapid City established a permanent deaconate program. |
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1975
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The Diocese of Rapid City ordained Steven Red Elk and Reno Richards as permanent deacons. They are the first Native Americans in the United States to be so ordained. |
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1975-1976
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Sicangu Oyate Ho now employed all of the key personnel at St. Francis Indian School with a contract from the Bureau of Indian Affairs under the 1975 Indian Self- |
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Determination and Educational Assistance Act, PL 93-638. |
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1977-1978
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The Diocese of Rapid City established the Sioux Spiritual Center, Maphiya Na Maka Okogina ["Between Heaven and Earth"] at Plainview as an administrative and retreat |
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center for the permanent diaconate and Native outreach programs. |
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1978
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St. Francis Mission established radio station KINI (96.1 FM). |
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1970s
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The parishes in Mission, Norris, Parmelee, and White River are now served by resident pastors from St. Francis Mission. |
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1980
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St. Francis Mission hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1982
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The Sisters of St. Francis Community closed but Sister Helen Borszich, O.S.F., remained. |
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1983
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St. Charles Church, St. Francis, hosted a Catholic Sioux Congress. |
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1985
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Reverend Collins P. Jordan (1917-2004) was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Rapid City and assigned to St. Charles Church, St. Francis. He was the first Oglala Indian |
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in the Diocese to be so ordained. |
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1986
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St. Francis Indian School and St. Francis Mission celebrate their centennial year. |
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1986
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A Mini-Tekakwitha Conference is held at St. Francis. |
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1988-1997
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Bishop Charles J. Chaput (1944-, Potawatomi), O.F.M. Cap., served as sixth Bishop of Rapid City and then Archbishop of Denver. He is the second Native American |
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appointed a bishop in the United States. |
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1997-
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Bishop Blase J. Cupich (1949-) served as 7th Bishop of Rapid City. |
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1990
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The Diocese established an Inculturation Project Office to revitalize the faith among its 14,000 Lakota Catholics. |
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1992
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The Diocesan Inculturation Project Office surveyed 10% of the American Indian Catholics and found 43% under age 18 and less than 20% practicing the Catholic faith. |
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1992
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The Sisters of St. Francis at St. Francis Mission, Red Cloud Indian School, and nearby towns in Nebraska merged their communities and formed the Serena Regional |
| Community. | |
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1992
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On behalf of himself and all pre-World War II Lakota catechists in the Diocese, Harry Blue Thunder (Brulé) of the Rosebud Reservation received the Lumen Christi Award of |
| the Catholic Church Extension Society. | |
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2000
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Reverend Richard Jones, S.J., received the Lumen Christi Award of the Catholic Church Extension Society. |
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2003
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Icimani Ya Waste, a multipurpose center, is established with Sister Helen Borszich, O.S.F. as the director. |
Jesuit Superiors
From 1886 to 1994, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as Director of Rosebud Education Society.
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus.
Reverend Emil M. Perrig (1846-1909), S.J. Reverend John B. Jutz (1838-1924), S.J. Reverend P. Florentine Digmann (1846-1931), S.J. Reverend Eugene Buechel (1874-1954), S.J. Reverend P. Florentine Digmann (1846-1931), S.J. Reverend Joseph A. Zimmerman (1885-1954), S.J. Reverend Martin A. Schiltz (1891-1979), S.J. Reverend Mathew A. Connell (1894-1957), S.J. Reverend Lawrence C. Helmueller (1908-), S.J. Reverend Joseph P. Zuercher (1897-1957), S.J. Reverend Richard G. Pates (1919-1989), S.J. Reverend Richard T. Jones (1914-), S.J. Reverend Bernard D. Fagan (1922-1997), S.J. Reverend Richard T. Jones (1914-), S.J. Reverend Patrick M. McCorkell (1944-), S.J. Reverend Robert J. Tillmann (1948-), S.J. Reverend James J. Strzok (1939-), S.J. Reverend Ronald S. Seminara (1944-), S.J. Reverend John E. Hatcher (1943-), S.J.
Superiors of the Sisters of St. Francis
From 1886-1970, the Superior of the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity served simultaneously as Principal of St. Francis Mission Grade School.
Sources: House Chronicles at St. Francis Mission and the Sacred Heart Province Archives of the Sisters St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity.
Reverend Mother Kostka Schlaghecken (1850-1932), O.S.F. Sister Rosaria Lampe (1875-1929), O.S.F. (Acting) Reverend Mother Leopoldine Serries (1845-1929), O.S.F. (Absent, 1892-1907) Sister Cecilia Steffen (1835-1904), O.S.F. (Acting) Sister Camilla Lutz (1869-1943), O.S.F. (Acting) Reverend Mother Kostka Schlaghecken (1850-1932), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Salesia Schmidt (1859-1925), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Regina Stolz (1886-1937), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Ludgera Terheggen (1874-1959), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Majella Bleicher (1891-1935), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Mathilda Schwartz (1867-1943), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Evarusta Carver (1882-1960), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Bertrand Flemming (1893-1984), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Boniface Hufnagel (1895-1982), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Hilga (Agnes) Gunther (1912-), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Carmen Baumeister (1918-1999), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Cecilia Lenenbrink (1924-), O.S.F. Reverend Mother M. Liguori O'Reilly (1912-), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Elenius Pettinger (1919-), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Annette Tschacher (1930-), O.S.F. Reverend Mother Genevieve Cuny (Oglala, 1930-), O.S.F. Sister Helen Borszich (1935-), O.S.F. Sister Betty Adams (1938-), O.S.F.
Directors
From 1886-1994, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as Director of Rosebud Education Society.
Sources: St. Francis Mission.
See list of Jesuit Superiors. Reverend Mr. Marlon Leneaugh (1957-, Brulé) Ms. Mary Van Winkle (1961-)
St. Francis Indian/Mission Schools
Directors/Superintendents (Jesuits and Laity)
From 1886 to 1946, the Superior of the Jesuit Community served simultaneously as the Director/Superintendent of the St. Francis Mission School.
Double asterisk [**] = Served as assistant superintendent only.
Single asterisk [*] = Employed by Sicangu Oyate Ho as superintendent only.
Sources: Catalogs of the German, Missouri, Wisconsin, and combined U.S.A. Provinces of the Society of Jesus and St. Francis Mission Records.
See list of Jesuit Superiors. Reverend Harold A. Fuller (1911-1955), S.J. Reverend Burton J. Fraser (1899-1971), S.J. Reverend Stanislaus E. Kalamaja (1914-1978), S.J. Reverend George M. Pieper (1917-1998), S.J. Reverend Joseph C. Gill (1926-), S.J. Reverend Christian F. Keeler (1921-1996), S.J.* Reverend Joseph C. Gill (1926-), S.J. Mr. Leland Bordeaux (Brulé)** See St. Francis Indian School for listings of personnel.
Grade School Principals (Sisters of St. Francis and Laity)
From 1886 to 1970, the Superior of the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity served simultaneously as the Principal of the St. Francis Mission Grade School.
Single asterisk [*] = Employed by Sicangu Oyate Ho.
Source: St. Francis Mission Records.
See list of Superiors of the Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity Sister Ann Jean Rotherham, O.S.F. Mr. Mark A. Bordeaux, Sr. (Brulé)* See St. Francis Indian School for listings of personnel.
High School Principals (Jesuits, Sisters of St. Francis and Laity)
From 1931 to 1968, the Director/Superintendent of the St. Francis Mission School served simultaneously as the Principal of the St. Francis Mission High School.
Single asterisk [*] = Employed by Sicangu Oyate Ho.
Source: St. Francis Mission Records.
See list of Directors/Superintendents of St. Francis Mission School. Reverend Christian F. Keeler, S.J. (1921-1996) Sister Bernard, O.S.F. Mr. Leland Bordeaux (Brulé)* Mr. Richard J. Bordeaux (Brulé)* See St. Francis Indian School for listings of personnel.
Chairs, Parent Advisory Board/Sicangu Oyate Ho (Laity)
Source: St. Francis Mission Records.
Mr. Cato Valandra (Brulé) Mr. Manley Nightpipe (Brulé) Ms. Doris Leader Charge (Brulé) Mr. Burton Whiting (Brulé) Mr. Manley Nightpipe (Brulé) Mr. Charles Archambault (Brulé) Ms. Angelene Rabbit (Brulé) See St. Francis Indian School for listings of personnel.
Double asterisk [**] =Employed by Sicangu Oyate Ho as C.E.O. of St. Francis Indian School.
Source: St. Francis Mission Records.
Mr. Frank LaPointe (Brulé)** See St. Francis Indian School for listings of personnel.
From 1899-1931, itinerant Jesuits from St. Francis Mission established and attended to many chapels and missions throughout the Rosebud Reservation. Multiple congregation and/or community names indicate name changes with current ones appearing first followed by past ones. Congregations with resident pastors are so noted.
Chronology
Source: Entry Number M-228a of Guide to Catholic-Related Native American Records in Midwest Repositories, 2004
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Dates (Disposition)
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Congregation, Community
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| 1895-present | St. Charles Church, St. Francis |
| 1899- (1960s, transferred to St. Peter's Wood; 1978, transferred to Sacred Heart, White River; 1987, transferred to St. Ignatius, White River) | St. Peter Mission, Okreek/Oak Creek |
| 1899- (1960s, transferred to Sacred Heart, White River; 1987, becomes a parish with resident pastor) | St. Ignatius Mission, White River |
| 1905-1961 (closed) | St. Joseph Mission, Red Leaf/Black Pipe |
| 1905- (1970s, became a parish with resident pastor) | St. Bridget's Mission, Rosebud |
| 1910- (1960s, became a parish with resident pastor; 1978, transferred to Sacred Heart, White River; 1987, transferred to St. Ignatius, White River) | St. Peter/ Our Lady of Good Counsel Mission, Wood/White Thunder |
| 1911-1925 (closed) | St. Rita Mission, Corn Creek |
| 1911-1950 (closed) | Holy Rosary Mission, He Dog |
| 1911-1964 (closed) | St. Catherine's Mission, Bad Nation |
| 1911-1975 (closed) | Sacred Heart Mission, Ring Thunder |
| 1911- (1970s, transferred to St. Agnes, Parmelee) | Sacred Heart Mission, Upper Cutmeat |
| 1912- (1970s, transferred to St. Agnes, Parmelee) | Ss. Patrick and Bridget/Our Lady of Good Counsel Mission, He Dog |
| 1912-present | St. Mary/ St. Francis of Assisi Mission, Ironwood |
| 1912-present | St. Patrick/ St. Andrew Mission, Spring Creek |
| 1913-1952 (closed) | Holy Family Mission, Lower Cutmeat |
| 1915- (1946, transferred to St. Thomas the Apostle, Mission) | Guardian Angel Chapel, Rosebud Boarding School, Mission |
| 1926-1927 (closes) | Our Lady of Victory Mission, Bull Creek |
| 1926- (1934, transferred to St. Thomas the Apostle, Mission) | St. Theresa Mission, Hidden Timber |
| 1926-1949 (closed) | Sacred Heart Mission, Lakeview |
| 1926-present | St. Rose Mission, Soldier Creek |
| 1927-1961 (closed) | Sacred Heart Mission, White Horse Camp |
| 1927- (1970s, became a parish with resident pastor) | St. Agnes Mission, Parmelee |
| 1927-present | Holy Family Mission, Horse Creek |
| 1927-present | Immaculate Conception Mission, Two Strike |
| 1928-1949 (closed) | St. Mary Mission, Little White River |
| 1929-1949 (closed) | St. Mary Mission, Hollow Horn Bear |
| 1929-1951 (closed) | Holy Family/St. Sophie's Mission, Cedar Butte |
| 1930- (1934, transferred to St. Thomas the Apostle, Mission) | St. Michael Mission, Carrollton |
| 1930-1945 (closed) | St. Francis Xavier Mission, Bull Creek |
| 1930-1956 (closed) | St. John the Apostle Mission, Mosher |
| 1930- (1970s, became a parish with resident pastor) | Sacred Heart Church, Norris |
| 1931-1951 (closed) | St. James the Apostle Mission, Horse Shoe Butte |
| 1931-ca. 1970 (closed) | Sacred Heart Mission, Bull Creek |
| 1933-present (became a parish with resident pastor) | St. Thomas the Apostle Church, Mission |
| 1963-1970 (closed) | Sacred Hearts of Mary and Jesus Mission, White Horse |
Native Catechists (Brulé laity)
Source: St. Francis Mission Records, Stipend Lists in Series 3-2 Financial Records; Compiled in 1992 for the Lumen Christi Award Application of the Diocese of Rapid City.
Arrow Side 1933-1934 Arrowside, Frank 1931-1945, 1948-1954 Arrow Sight, Frank 1931 Big Crow, John 1930-1935, 1946-1947 Black Elk, Paul 1930-1944 Black Elk, Valandra 1933-1934 Blue Thunder, Harry 1935-1936 Bordeaux, Francis 1935-1936 Bulltail, Moses 1934, 1936 Chasing Hawk, Jesse 1930-1938 Crow Good Voice, William 1931-1952 Eagle, B. 1936 Guerue, Albert 1951-1954 Hollow Horn Bear, Dan 1931, 1935, 1945-1948 Hollow Horn Bear 1930, 1935 Iron Shell, Isaac 1946-1952 Jackson, Narcisse 1935-1936 Larvie, Tom 1934-1935 Law Seeder, George 1935 Leading Fighter, Ben 1933-1934, 1937-1951 Little, Noah 1950-1951 Little Bull, Tom 1930-1936 Little Thunder, Clark 1932-1933 Low Cedar, George 1934-1935, 1938, 1946 Moccasin Face, George 1931-1937 Night Pipe, Alfred 1934-1936 Penneaux, Charles 1935-1936 Picket Pin, David 1934 Red Fish 1932-1933 Red Fish, William 1931-1934, 1943-1945 Running Bird, Henry 1931-1934 Sharp Fish, Leo 1930-1934 Sleeping Bear, Paul 1932 Swift, Charles 1946-1948 Thin Elk, Joe 1936 Walking Eagle, Felix 1934-1946 Walking Eagle, Joseph 1944-1946 White Crane Walking, Isaac 1931-1933 White Hat, Joseph 1931-1936, 1938-1944 White Lance, Joe 1933
Source: Diocese of Rapid City
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Dates Served
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Name (Birth-Death)
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Community, Dates Served
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| 1976- | Reverend Mr. Ben Black Bear, Jr. (Brulé) (1946-) | St. Francis, Rosebud Reservation, 1976- . |
| 1987-1990 | Reverend Mr. Truman Stevens, Jr. (Brulé) | St. Francis, Rosebud Reservation, 1987-1990. |
| 1993- | Reverend Mr. Marlon Leneaugh (Brulé) (1957-) | Mission, Rosebud Reservation, 1993- . |
| 1994- | Reverend Mr. Leroy DeCory (Brulé) (1938-) | St. Francis, Rosebud Reservation, 1994-1995; Rapid City, 1995- . |
| 1998- | Reverend Mr. Harold Condon (Sans Arc) (1949-) | Cherry Creek, Cheyenne River Reservation, 1985-1988; Oglala, Pine Ridge Reservation, 1985-1994; Dupree, Cheyenne River Reservation, 1994-1998; Parmelee, Rosebud Reservation, 1997-1999. |
Position discontinued in 1996.
Source: St. Francis Mission Records.
Reverend Joseph C. Gill (1926-), S.J. Mr. John T. Carr (1943-), S.J. Reverend Christian F. Keeler (1921-1996), S.J.
Mr. Mark Iyotte (Brulé) Mr. Bernard Whiting, Jr. (1956-, Brulé)
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